 Name: Folio Navigation guide is always with me. Feel free to ask anything about Studio. （写真準備中） Robin Restall著 MUNIAS AND MANNIKINS Pica Press社（英国の出版社） ジュウシマツの親戚である キンパラ属の野鳥に関しては これ以上はないというくらい詳しい 百科事典的図鑑本です！ キンパラ属の交配名人 四国ご在住の横内敬博さん （「キンパラ属の世界」を主催 すばらしい小鳥作品を多数 河端寛司さんのＨＰに発表され ています）のご推奨本です |
SOURCE OF NEW GENE :Hybrid Crossing The world is wide, so is the variety of finches. No wonder Society Finch has many relative species. The second breeding technique which Studio uses to add new variety of colors and patterns to Society Finch is a "hybrid crossing". That is the cross between Society Finch and its relative species to transfer wild genes into it. ■ 
■TOP■RELATIVES OF SOCIETY FINCH ■A SET OF SEX CHROMOSOMES HAS THE KEY ■A HYBRID PROJECT IN THE WILD FOREST? 【RELATIVES OF SOCIETY FINCH】  Within the same "genus", a group of closely related species, even a cross between different species, called a hybrid crossing, may give us fertile successive generations. That means a gene of one species can be tranferable to other species in the same genus. That means a character can be exchangeable among species in the same genus. Studio applies this process to Society Finch which belongs to the Genus of Munia/Mannikin (Genus Lonchura). The Genus of Munia/Mannikin has the large number of member species. Several exciting characters, termed "phenotypes" in genetics, of relative finches are picked to design for new Society Finch! Studio is especially interested in the following finches for the hybridization purpose: 1) Beauty of the Azuki bean color: Scaly-Breasted Munia 2) Charm of the white-headed pattern: White-Headed Munia 3) For the whole brown body pattern: Chestnut Munia Finch Studio believes Society Finch shall be upgraded by borrowing these charms from these relatives. Genetic distance between these finches has been scientifically just measured at Tsukuba University in Japan, and the conclusion map is shown above (illustrated). Obviously all these finches belong to the same genus, so that cross breeding for fertile offsprings and fixing for the new type can be achieved. ■
■TOP■RELATIVES OF SOCIETY FINCH ■A SET OF SEX CHROMOSOMES HAS THE KEY ■A HYBRID PROJECT IN THE WILD FOREST? 【A SET OF SEX CHROMOSOMES HAS THE KEY】 Of course, there are some difficulties involved in hybridization. The trickiest part is to treat sex chromosomes. Chromosomes are usually works in pairs and look like twins, except, in the case of finches, the sex chromosomes of hens. The sex chromosomes of hens work only when chromosomes of the identical species have been paired, even in the interspecies cross breedings. For example, if the mother is Society Finch and the father is a relative species, the sex chromosomes for offspring hens cannot be identical; therefore, sterile. Only the offspring cocks are not affected; therefore, fertile. This happens because the type of sex chromosomes for a hen is "ZW" and that for a cock is "ZZ". The combination of the Z-chromosome and the W-chromosome causes the trouble. Sterility of hens may be observed with a 50% probability even in the next generation. Perfection of fertility may be acheived only after the third generation bred by the same species parents. As a result, the hybridization breeding is very time consuming! Not easy, but Studio is ambitious enough to overcome the hardship. By the way, sterility does not damage good health of hens; So, do not worry and they are okey. ＜Sex Chromosomes in Hybridization＞ A cross between a Society Finch hen and a cock of a different kind, with a back-cross arrangement to a Society Finch hen:  ■
■TOP■RELATIVES OF SOCIETY FINCH ■A SET OF SEX CHROMOSOMES HAS THE KEY ■A HYBRID PROJECT IN THE WILD FOREST? 【A HYBRID PROJECT IN THE WILD FOREST?】  We have acquired permission to post the photograph from "Mr. Coshy", the bird watching explorer and the auther of "WORLDWIDE BIRD WATCHING BY BICYCLE"(website). This photo is from "The trip in Flores Island of Indonesia". What is impressive about this picture is to see different species of finches, usually being separated at shops in town, gethering side by side in one flock; Moluccan Munia (upper center: the closest relative of Society Finch) Five-colored Munia (lower center), Scaly-Brested Munia (other ones) All these kinds are getting together as a party! This is a stunning picture taken by "Mr. Coshy". The picture implies the possibity of natural hybridization in the wild forest and persuades us of creation of the genus. These birds of different species seem to spend time together, possibly cross between them, and may sometimes produce hybrids. Hybrid birds rarely survive in the natual circumstances; however, the history of the forest may be long enough to give a chance for the hybrids to establish a new line of a species. What a great moment for life on earth! by Folio, as Navigator by Kaz, Finch Studio 2005.09.03 (1st script) 2006.10.27 (English Edition) |
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