The Nobel Prize for Economics

1969: Ragnar Frisch (1895-1979) & Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994)

For having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes.

1970: Paul A. Samuelson (1915- )

For the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science.

1971: Simon Kuznets (1901-1985)

For his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development.

1972: Sir John R. Hicks (1904-1989) & Kenneth J. Arrow (1921- )

For their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory.

1973: Wassily Leontief (1906- )

For the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems.

1974: Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) & Friederich August von Hayek (1899-1992)

For their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social, and institutional phenomena.

1975: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (1912-1986) & Tjalling Koopmans (1910-1986)

For their contributions to the theory of the optimum allocation of resources.

1976: Milton Friedman (1912- )

For his achievements in the field of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy.

1977: Bertil Ohlin (1899-1979) & James E. Meade (1907- )

For their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements.

1978: Herbert A. Simon (1916- )

For his pioneering research into the decision making process within economic organisations.

1979: Theodore W. Schultz (1902- ) & Sir Arthur Lewis (1915-1991)

For their pioneering research into economic development, with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries.

1980: Lawrence R. Klein (1920- )

For the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies.

1981: James Tobin (1918- )

For his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices.

1982: George J. Stigler (1911-1991)

For his seminal studies of industrial structure, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation.

1983: Gerard Debreu (1921- )

For having incorporated new analytic methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium.

1984: Sir Richard Stone (1913-1991)

For having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis.

1985: Franco Modigliani (1918- )

For his pioneering analysis of savings and financial markets.

1986: James M. Buchanan, Jr. (1919- )

For his development of the contractual and constitutional bases of the theory of economic and political decision making.

1987: Robert M. Solow (1924- )

For his contributions to the theory of economic growth.

1988: Maurice Allais (1911- )

For his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilisation of resources.

1989: Trygve Haavelmo (1911- )

For his clarification of the probability theory foundation of econometrics and his analysis of simultaneous economic structures.

1990: Harry M. Markowitz (1923- )

For having developed the theory of portfolio choice.

 William F. Sharpe (1934- )

For his contributions to the theory of price formation for financial assets, the so-called Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

Merton H. Miller (1923- )

For his fundamental contributions to the theory of corporate finance.

1991: Ronald H. Coase (1910- )

For his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the traditional structure and functioning of the economy.

1992: Gary S. Becker (1930- )

For having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour.

1993: Robert W. Fogel (1926- ) & Douglass C. North (1920- )

For having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods to explain economic and institutional change.

1994: John C. Harsanyi (1920- ), John F. Nash (1928- ) & Reinhard Selten (1930- )

For their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games.

1995: Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (1930- )

For having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy.

1996: James A. Mirrlees (1936- ) & William Vickrey (1914-1996)

For their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information.

1997: Robert C. Merton (1944- ) & Myron S. Scholes (1941-)

For a new method to determine the value of derivatives.

1998: Amartya Sen (1933-)

For his contributions to welfare economics.

1999: Robert Mundell (1932-)

For his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange-rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas.

2000: JAMES J. HECKMAN (1944-) & DANIEL L. McFADDEN(1937-)

For their contribution to the field of microeconometrics, that are widely used in the empirical analysis of individual and household behavior, within economics as well as other social sciences.