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(1)as good as
Something that's as good as something else the way Gene uses this phrase means in reality or in effect,the way it actually works even if that's not officially the way it's recognized.
(2)whack
Whack is a verb that means hit something in a way that makes a very large sound,kind of echoing move,reverberating kind of a sound.So being whacked or getting whacked is being attacked.
(3)make a rule
If you make something a rule,you make it a rule for yourself.You decide you're going to do something that way every time.
(4)hideaway
Hideaway is a small private place,usually somewhere you consider very comfortable for relaxing that other people don't know about.
(5)cardboard box
Cardboard boxes in English often means the kind of corrugated paper box.Sometimes we just call corrugated boxes,the heavier kind of cardboard that's used for packing.When I first came to Japan,I had a little trouble because cardboard is a kind of heavy paper really.But corrugated boxes is a different word in Japanese so for a long time I had no idea what to say.
(6)oust
If you're ousted,you're ejected or moved out or forced out of some place.
(7)rough sleeping
I think in the U.K. they tend to use the phrase,rough sleeping or sleeping rough,meaning sleeping in the parks or on the streets or in empty buildings.
(8)help
I think the kind of support they'll receive is more training kinds of support,how to look for a job, how to apply for a job and be successful in an interview.It might also teach them good work habits.If they've grown up even part of their lives homeless,they haven't had parents or other adults to serve as models of how to go to work every day and be on time and dress right.
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Adoptive parents could face jail under new laws
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/010121/80/ax7zl.html
Tougher adoption laws after twins tug-of-war
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/010121/80/ax9vj.html
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(1)be aware
Gene starts his comment with I'm aware.That phrase is often used to mean I know,I'm not acting as if I know this but I do know it.
(2)trash
Trashing here is the adjective form of the verb.Most of the time I think in English you hear the word trash as a noun,something to throw away or get rid of.When it's a verb,it means vandalize or destroy something or attack something.
(3)gang
Occasionally it's used in other situations too like a work gang,a group or team of people usually doing physical work.
(4)urban renovation
Urban renovation is the process of making old rundown or poor areas in a city new and fresh again.It's renewing bad neighborhoods.Sometimes urban renovation is called gentrification,which means upgrading it.It's often when middleclass people begin moving into lower class or poor neighborhoods.
(5)prettied-up neighborhood
A prettied-up neighborhood would be a neighborhood that's undergone gentrification or urban renovation.They make it look nicer.
(6)count
You don't count is a phrase that means you don't matter,you're not important.If we were counting up the important people,we wouldn't count you.
(7)lump together with
If you lump something together with something else,it means you don't really care about it,you just put it into the category because it's convenient.
(8)the other side of the coin
There's a phrase in English,there's two sides to every coin,meaning there's more than one way to understand the situation.If you look at it from the other side,it might look completely different.So Gene is saying that now that he is in the other category,he understands it differently.
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(1)How 'bout
Mickey says 'bout a sandwich instead of about clearly.This is a very common shortening in English because the first syllable is unstressed.The second syllable is mostly what's necessary to understand what she's saying.
(2)Don't mind if I do.
The direct answer would be yes,please.I would like one.But this I don't mind if I do is a very common way to accept something that's been offered to you.
(3)lunch
I think the verb form of lunch sounds almost a little bit pretentious to many North American speakers.Sometimes they call women who come from wealthy families and that ladies who lunch.
(4)real nice people
You may have noticed he said real nice people instead of really nice people,which is actually the correct form.Many people speak this way,however.They only use the adjective form instead of the adverbial form.It's sometimes used with good,also.
(5)What do you do now?
A very common question to find out about someone's work.
(6)finished high school
This is a very common way to mention it,did you finish high school,things like that.
(7)make ends meet
When you make ends meet,you find a way somehow to live your life or carry out your life even though you don't really quite have enough money.
(8)unemployment check
And in the U.S. people talk about going on unemployment or cashing unemployment checks.Don't usually talk about unemployment insurance unless you have a private policy.
(9)hot
Things that are hot are strong and exciting.
(10)get by
I get by is a very common phrase for somehow I manage,which is another phrase you could use.I manage,I make do,I get by.
(11)day by day
Day by day is one of those phrases in English that mean little by little,one day at a time.He doesn't look forward far into the future planning a great time for himself.He lives one day at a time.
(12)loose community
I think a loose community means they probably recognize each other,talk to each other sometimes,maybe even help each other now and then,but they don't see each other all the time.They're not always managing each other.
(13)get beaten up
To be beaten up or get beaten up means somebody hits you with their hands or maybe some weapon,maybe they kick you.
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¡ÖDon't ban smokers¡×
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(1)way ahead
Way ahead is a phrase that you can use in English to mean follow in the future like Araki does here.But you can also use it to mean follow in the front,physically for location.
(2)bark an order
This is kind of an interesting sentence.If a CEO barks an order,it means he gives an order in a loud,sharp kind of a voice,almost the kind of a sound that a dog makes when it's barking.
(3)sit back
And then after the CEO barks an order,Araki-san talks about sitting back.Sitting back usually means relaxing.If you're paying attention and working,you tend to sit up straight at attention,maybe even on the edge of your seat.If you sit back,you're relaxing.
(4)You've got something there.
You've got something there,is a phrase that's often used to say you're right.That's a good idea.That's an important point.
(5)keep the ball rolling
Don't let things stop.Make sure the action continues until you've reached your goal.
(6)stick to commitments
This time Ben mentions sticking to commitments.In the vignette on Wednesday,we heard delivering on commitments.This is pretty much the same thing,a little more not changing your commitments.
(7)commitment
I think in English promise is a verbal kind of a thing.And I think commitments sound deeper,maybe even beyond words.
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(1) raise hell
If you raise hell,you complain angrily and loudly.
(2)stakeholder
Sometimes I read it's good strategy to take care of all the company's stakeholders.But I also read other articles that say how can you be successful if you're taking care of so many different interests.
(3)at the end of the day
At the end of the day is a phrase that is used to mean as a result.It doesn't really have anything to do with time or days.It means the result.
(4)zap
If you push the button and zap something,it sounds like you're using electricity to make something happen.In slung in the U.S.,people call microwave ovens zappers.It uses electricity to get a result.It can mean microwave oven.As a verb,it can mean prepare your food in the microwave oven like,oh,I don't have any time and zap some dinner.
(5)under heavy fire
If you're under heavy fire,you're being criticized or attacked.
(6)store
In the U.S.,people tend to use the word store instead of shop when they're talking about a place to buy consumer goods.
(7)thin the ranks
Thin the ranks is a phrase often used to mean get rid of some people.Ranks comes from the military meaning the regular soldiers.So if you thin the ranks,you get rid of some other people.
(8)crawl up the walls
If you're crawling up the walls,you're frustrated,you're going crazy,you can't be calm and quiet because you're so impatient.
(9)deliver on one's commitments
You can fulfill your commitments or you can deliver on your commitments.
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(1)pretext
A pretext is a reason and it's the reason used for some purpose.But it's not always the main reason for why you have your purpose.Maybe you don't like someone.So you try to find something wrong that they've done so you can get rid of them.That thing that they've done wrong is the pretext.
(2)what goes around comes around
Renoir is talking about Ted Begley's bad behavior and how it came back to do bad things to him.
(3)guillotine
You might have noticed that Renoir said g[i;]llotine,instead of guillot[i;]n.I think her pronunciation is closer to the original French.And in English you can use either one.
(4)reign of terror
I think the guillotine and the reign of terror both come from around the same time in France.
(5)prop
Renoir also calls the guillotine a prop.A prop is something that you use in a play on stage.Of course,the actors are the focus of what happens on a stage,but things that they use are called props.
(6)get his head cut off
There's got his head cut off.I think it's following from the guillotine metaphor that Renoir started using.He probably just lost his job.
(7)fend off
If you fend something off,you keep it off,you avoid it,you stop it from coming close to you and affecting you.
(8)Lady Luck
Lady Luck is a phrase people often use just to mean luck.They personify luck.
(9)bail someone out
If you bail someone out,it means you get them out of jail.If they haven't done anything really serious,usually you can pay some money to guarantee that they'll go back to court when their case comes up.That's bailing someone out.It's also used just to mean helping someone when they really need it.Also bail alone as a verb means get the water out of a sinking boat.You use a bucket and throw the water out back into the lake or the ocean.That's also called bail.
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(1)what do you think
When you're asking people about their opinions,be careful to ask what they think,not how they think like you do in Japanese.
(2)decline and fall
That one looks at how the Third Reich in Germany became powerful and lost the power.I think decline and fall is used in English a lot,because there's a history book called the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire.The writer,Edward Gibbon,who was British.This book is from the 1780s, I think.He was in Rome looking at the ruins and got the idea to write about how such a great empire managed to disappear.And so he was focusing on the downfall of the Roman Empire.And nowadays in English people use this a lot to talk about someone or something that have been very great.It's often hard to understand why they don't continue.
(3)top dog
Sometimes in English when you talk about the leader or the strong leader,you can call them the top dog.It doesn't just mean boss or leader.It sounds like a tough and strong commanding leader.
(4)in ashes
Something that's in ashes has burnt and died.It's completely destroyed.The former form even of whatever you're talking about has disappeared.
(5)take the helm
If you take the helm,you take charge or take control.The helm is where the captain stays on a ship to guide it in the right direction.
(6)bounce out
Bounced out means fired.There's a couple of other phrases with out,a couple of other verbs with out that you can use,pushed out,forced out,words like that.All mean fired.
(7)golden parachute
A golden parachute is the set,the package of retirement perks or retirement benefits that many high-level executives get when they leave the company no matter what their work record was.
(8)hotshot
A hotshot is somebody with a good ability,high skills,who likes to show them off.
(9)shot to shreds
Something that's been shot to shreds has been ruined.If you think of taking a gun and shooting at something,a kind of target practice,for example,you make a lot of holes in the target and it just gets ripped up.It gets torn to shreds.
(10)do someone in
Here Ben uses the phrase do someone in to talk about ruining his chances,to talk about firing him,getting rid of him.If you do someone in in other circumstances,it could mean you've killed them.
(11)vibes
Vibes is the word that I think became fairly popular in the '60s probably,meaning atmosphere or feelings.It comes from vibrations .
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(1)new twist
A new twist is a new way to do something old but more than just a new way of doing it.It's a fresh,new surprising addition to something you've been doing for a while anyway.
(2)power trip
A power trip in English usually refers to somebody who has newly found power and uses it as much as possible wherever possible.
(3)post office
In the U.S. post offices are a little bit different than post offices here in Japan or the one that I had experienced within Europe.In Japan and Europe,you can do quite a bit of your bill paying,sometimes utilities and things like that.I believe you can pay it at the post office.In the U.S., usually you can't make that kind of payment directly at the post office.But you can have a money order made.A money order is a similar to a check,but it's not a personal check.You give the money to the post office.They give you the money order and then you can send it to wherever you need to pay your bills.
(4)home loan
In the U.S., home loans tend to be called mortgages.
(5)staff
Mickey uses the word staff here as a verb.I often hear people mixing it up when it's used as a noun.It means a group of people working together to accomplish some kind of business.In this case,it's used as a verb to mean hiring or finding the people to be in a place to carry out the business.
(6)at one's fingertips
Something that's at your fingertips is instantly or literally available.It's probably even closer than something that's on hand.
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(1)get away from it all
If you get away from it all,you take a break.Sometimes it means take a vacation.But anytime you step out of your regular routine to recover or to begin feeling better,you can say, you're getting away from it all.
(2)easy chair
An easy chair is a chair that you have at home,that's especially comfortable.A lot of people like to have an easy chair to sit back and read in.
(3)sweepstake
Sweepstakes is used generally nowadays to mean contest,competition or lottery.Sweepstakes,though,comes from a kind of a competition where everyone who puts in a stake can't win.The winner takes all of the stakes, sweeps the stakes.
(4)chat board
A chat board is probably a place where you can leave a message and receive many responses from many different people.Other people can also see your question or comment and read all the responses.
(5)burst into orbit
Something that bursts into orbit reaches the place it was meant to be and it's highly successful.I think you could think of this as a metaphor like launching a rocket,launching a new idea.
(6)reverse auction
A reverse auction is when people who want to fly somewhere tell the time,the airlines and the amount they're willing to pay.They post all of this on the auction site.And then if there's an airline that's willing to take them for that price at that time,they get the ticket.
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(1)this digitized
I think this is kind of an interesting sentence because in the Japanese version,there's quite a few extra words to give the same idea.Because Liu stresses this in the sentence,this digitized.He means we can't be living in a world digitized to this higher degree.
(2)come up with
Come up with is a phrase that's often used together with ideas.It means produce,especially produce ideas for problems or challenges.Another way you could say it is think up.
(3)write big checks
Writing big checks is not just writing big checks.It implies that they're very interested in investing in or supporting the new ideas.
(4)whiz kid
Whiz kids are usually young people,maybe up into the 40s,depending on the situation.But whiz kids are people who are unusually or especially intelligent or clever and they're usually also very successful.
(5)go for
If you go for something,you'll accept it even though it may not be an excellent offer.
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(1)cybertown
In English,lots of times people attach cyber to already-existing vocabulary to show the difference between things that they were and how they're different using a computer.Cyber generally means computer.A couple of other words that people use in that way are cyberspace or cyberpunk.
(2)housewarming
Housewarming party,usually you say housewarming party,is very common in the U.S.After you move into a new house or new apartment,you invite your friends to come visit so they know your new place.It kind of makes your home more like a home if you had your friends there.
(3)hard-wired
Hard-wired refers to electronic circuits or connections.If they're permanent circuits or connections,you can call them hard-wired.I think nowadays the hard is often dropped,just wired or not wired.
(4)talk someone into
If you talk someone into something,you persuade them.Maybe they weren't really happy with the idea at first,but you continue talking and then they change their opinion.People say that a lot,because they feel like,I shouldn't eat dessert.I don't need all those extra calories.But you talked me into it,so it's not my responsibility anymore.
(5)Intranet
Intranet is kind of an interesting word and very easy to mix up with Internet.The prefixes are very similar but not the same.Intranet like in the text,Intra,means within one body.Inter means among various separate groups.
(6)in no time
Another phrase for a very short time is in no time.
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(1)endorse
If you endorse something,you officially support it.Another usage,though,for the word endorse is to sign the back of a check in order to receive the cash.
(2)practice
Some people think it's funny to say that doctors practice medicine.They say,are they experts?,they need more practice?Then I don't want that doctor.But another meaning of practice is to pursue or follow a profession.So lawyers also have a practice or practice law.
(3)set wrongs to right
Set wrongs to right is always a phrase that sounds a little bit noble.Another way you could say it is make amends.
(4)do things that were left undone
I think a lot of people have things they want to do,they plan to do,and they're just busy with many other things.But when you find out you're dying,you don't,you know,have so many things,so a lot of people do things they've always meant to do.I think it's similar to visiting famous places near where you live.Often tourists visit famous monuments or national parks more than the locals do.
(5)morbid
Morbid is really closely related to disease or something that's diseased although I think English speakers often use it related to death and dying equally.
(6)upbeat
Upbeat is a word often used to talk about people who are happy.I think it comes from music and a kind of rhythm that makes people want to dance and feel good.
(7)legacy
A legacy is something you leave behind when you're dying for the rest of your family.It could be something important,it could be an idea,it could be a lot of money.A legacy could be many things.But the important point is it's transmitted from an ancestor or transmitted by an ancestor.
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(1)comfy
Comfy is a short form of comfortable and it just sounds a little more like comfortable at home.There's warm, pleasant kind of comfort.
(2)undertreat
Undertreat is kind of an interesting word.Doctors treat an illness or some other medical problem.Undertreating it means not fully taking care of it.You could also overtreat something.This under and over is used with other verbs,for example,undercooked or overcooked for food or underdressed,overdressed meaning you're too casual or too formal for a situation.
(3)hospice
Hospice is kind of an interesting word,I think.It's used now in the U.S. for the special kind of an alternative care place.But originally it meant something almost like a hotel,some kind of lodging for travelers or for poor people,and they tended to be set up by religious orders or religious groups.Even now you can find them all over Europe.My dictionary said host is also related to this set.
(4)on hand
When people are on hand, they're available,they're ready to help or be there.When you're talking about things,it can also mean in stock.
(5)staffer
Araki uses the word staffers.It's kind of interesting.When I'm working,sometimes I hear Japanese people say we hired the staff.But they say that when they mean one person.Actually a staff is a group of people,so if you're hiring only one person or if you're referring to the people in a staff,they're called staffers.
(6)hospital and nursing home
I think hospitals and nursing homes tend to focus on the medical or technical side of patient care.And hospices focus on the human side.
(7)be divided
I find this sentence kind of interesting, too.If you think of it literally,it sounds like doctors are split in half,you know,each one.But,of course,it refers to them having different opinions.They're divided into different opinion groups.
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(1)She's said so many times.
This is an interesting sentence because if you change the intonation,it becomes an introduction to something else.She said so,many times is the correct reading for here.If you change it slightly,She said,so many times that she doesn't want it,it has the different meaning.
(2)euthanasia
Euthanasia is a word I first came across in probably junior high school.It's a very common topic for a classroom debate practice.Probably most kids in the U.S. debate this a couple of times a year in school.The word comes from Greek and means easy death,according to my dictionary.
(3)if it were legalized
There's an interesting grammar point at the end of this sentence.You've probably studied it.But I think it's very difficult for second-language learners to pick up.This isn't only English.The same thing happened to me learning German,even though in this area German and English are fairly similar.If it were legalized,by changing from the simple present to this conditional tense,you indicate that what you're talking about is not true but you can think about it.
(4)physician
In this vignette,people have been saying doctor and physician.In English,they're mostly interchangeable.Physician sounds maybe a little more formal.I think doctor is more of an Anglo-Saxon word.And words that came in from other languages in English often sound more sophisticated.But physician technically is a person skilled in the art of healing,a medical-type doctor.A doctor,on the other hand,can be anyone who's very learned,who knows a lot and has studied a lot.
(5)play God
If you play God,you take charge of and make decisions on other people's fate.
(6)sue
It's fairly common in the U.S. to sue doctors if patients feel the doctors haven't carried out their duties correctly.
(7)first and foremost
First and foremost is kind of an interesting phase.It's doubled,so it intensifies the meaning of first or the meaning of priority.But actually first is often used for time, and foremost is often used spatially.
(8)morphine
Only two syllables.
(9)administer
I think the main difference between them.They're fairly interchangeable,but dispense sounds more like hand it out to someone and then they administer it to themselves,whereas administer a drug,I think a doctor would actually put the drug into your body.
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(1)in a fog
When you're said to be in a fog,it means you're unfocused or unclear or maybe even confused.
(2)you all
Most Americans think of it as an accent more than anything else,and it is strongly marked for the South.
(3)matter of time
A matter of time is a phrase English speakers usually use when time is the key factor in some situation.
(4)toll
A toll is a kind of payment.It could be something that takes away from your health or it could be a payment for a privilege.
(5)That's tough
Another thing you could say at this point is oh Ben,I'm sorry to hear that.
(6)terminal condition
Sometimes instead of including the word condition,people just say she's terminal.But that sounds stronger and more direct.I think terminal condition,adding condition softens the message a little bit even though it's the same meaning.
(7)dispense
Dispense is a word that's often closely related to doctors and health care.It means give out or deal out in portions,so giving people a small part of one whole.It's often used with medicine.There's another related word dispensary,which is the place where things are dispensed.But the usual use of dispensary is a doctor's office or dentist's office.
(8)you know,though
Mann says you know,though.It's a nice introduction to something you're still kind of thinking about and you want to put it into the conversation,but you haven't quite finished your thinking.It's kind of a signal.
(9)living death
A living death is really an interesting phrase because the two words together are opposites,with if you're living,you're not dead,if you're dead,you're not living.But sometimes you can put them together like that.It's called an oxymoron, and come up with a very strong,new meaning.(10)mull over
If you mull something over,you ponder it or consider it at length.You think about it long and deeply.
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(1)out on the street
Out on the street is another way to say homeless.I think women and children end up homeless because sometimes the women haven't had their works or anything,and as they're confused and in trouble anyway,but at least they're not being beat anymore.
(2)divorce alone
Divorce alone means only divorce.I think some people feel if you're separated from the person who is beating you,your problems are over,but usually they're not,unfortunately.
(3)get someone into counseling
Jenny says she needed counseling and that's a kind of professional help.They listen and discuss your situation with you,so you can understand the situation and your own reaction to it much better.But I think the fact that Lily listened sympathetically was also important because then Jenny could just talk about what was happening to her without going through more therapy.I think that's a difference between listening sympathetically and counseling.
(4)listen all the while
Jenny also mentions that Lily listened all the while.Another way you could say that is the whole time or maybe even continuously.
(5)take the initiative
If you take the initiative,you start things.You use your own will or willpower,your own decision to make a beginning.
(6)stand by
And to stand by is to wait or be on call.
(7)code ward
A code,of course,is a way to hide your message.A code word would be a secret word with a special meaning.
(8)make it plain
If you make something plain,you make it very clear or easy to understand.
(9)walk away
If you walk away from something,you avoid taking the blame or you escape your responsibility.
(10)get away with
If you get away with something,usually you've done something you shouldn't have done,but you're not punished for it.You've escaped.
(11)victims and abusers
It might sound a little strange to put victims and abusers together with compassion.But I think the current thinking about the abusers is that they're also suffering from something.Otherwise they wouldn't be doing that kind of behavior.
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(1)have one packed up
Had me packed up might be sort of a funny sounding phrase if you're not used to it,but it's very natural for English speakers.It means that Lily took charge of everything,Jenny did nothing.It sounds like she was even hardly aware of what was happening.
(2)stop in
If you stop in,you visit.Sometimes people say drop in as well.
(3)leading reason
You could say the main reason or the most important or the most common reason instead of leading.
(4)few and far between
Few and far between is a phrase you might hear again and again when someone's talking about something rare, something not very common.
(5)out in the open
Something that's out in the open is public.It's uncovered.It's honestly and directly discussed.It's no longer a secret.
(6)affect women of all cultures
One short and fairly easy way to do that would be to say,it affects all women period.No other conditions.No extra points.A couple of other things you could say,though,a little bit longer phrases,it affects all women irrespective of status might work in this situation.Although I think the Japanese phrase is used much more commonly than English irrespective of.Irrespective of sounds fairly formal to me.
(7)shove,slap or punch
Lou mentions three ways as that sometimes people are battered.Shove means push,a short hard push that often makes your head snap.A slap is hitting someone with your hand open.It's often done on the head or the face.And a punch is when you make a fist with your hand and then hit someone that way.
(8)ER
ER is often used in English to refer to the emergency room in a hospital.It's the place you're taken if you need immediate medical attention.
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(1)welcome back
There's a couple of other phrases you can use for people who've returned.Often people say,oh,it's good to see you again or Long time no see.
(2)meet someone
Another very simple way to introduce someone is to say this is.Sometimes in Japan I hear people say,he is Hiromi.That's not an introduction.You have to say this is.
(3)bring back
But when Hiromi Araki asks her,he says,what brought you back?What circumstances happened so that you came back?
(4)it's a long story
Maybe it's the same in Japanese,I'm not sure.But often when someone begins this way in English, it means,we don't want to tell the whole story,I don't want to talk about it.
(5)to make a long story short
When you make a long story short,you often just tell the highlights or the most important points,and don't bother with the details.
(6)I'm sorry things didn't work out for you.
This is a good phrase actually.If someone tells you about some bad luck or hard times that they went through,you can show a little sympathy for them without being noisy about the details.Another similar phrase is I'm sorry to hear that.
(7)treat one like a queen
He probably did many things for her and gave her many things and wouldn't allow her to put herself to any trouble or anything unpleasant.
(8)tie the knot
Tied the knot is a phrase that's often used to mean got married or tie the knot,get married.Getting married is similar to tying yourself to another person for the rest of your life.And that's where the phrase comes from.
(9) just a "hi,how are you" kind of a thing
She probably just wanted to keep in touch and let Jenny know, even though they're not working together anymore,she's thinking about her now and then.
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