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(1)sloppy
Sloppy usually means careless.For example,when you're eating,you drop food on yourself or on the table accidentally.That's sloppy eating habits.
(2)no-no
A no-no is something unaccepted or forbidden.I think it tends to be used more with kids.(JFKJr¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ;John-John)Actually I think that's a really good way to tell people,he didn't want to be called that because the John-John,that style is also basically for kids,little kids.
(3)think again
This phrase is often used when someone wants to say,you're wrong,they'll say,think again.
(4)dish the dirt on
If you dish the dirt on someone,you spread rumors about them.
(5)tawdry
Tawdry is kind of an interesting adjective,I think.It means basically cheap and flashy,but it's often used as part of a description of something that's a little bit sad also.A tawdry dress,for example.It might be a woman who doesn't know about style or sophistication trying to act that way.
(6)on the flip side
The flip side is often the other side of a single record that has the less popular song on it.So if you want to talk about the opposite,the other side,you could say,on the flip side.
(7)sincerely
I think also for more,more private correspondence people write sincerely yours or even just yours.
(8)regards
From around the late '80s until the early '90s I was in Germany and not working,so I didn't see many letters in English.The first time I came across regards was when we came back to Japan and I started working.Sometimes I also see best regards,which sounds very cheery and nice but sometimes it makes me think who gets second best.
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(1)be fine with
At the beginning Renoir began by saying,I'm fine with e-mail messages.I'm fine with usually means I don't disapprove of or I accept.
(2)read someone the riot act
If you read someone the riot act,you tell them very clearly that you don't like what they've done.Make very clear what you want and why you don't like what you're getting.
(3)Mrs.Cruise
I think in this case maybe the others haven't met her yet or maybe Lou Cruise and his wife are quite a bit older than the other group.That might be part of it,or he could be just kind of joking around and calling his wife Mrs. Cruise.But it is very common.
(4)spammer
A spammer is someone who sends junk mail.Sometimes it's advertising,but it can be all kinds of different things that you didn't ask for and you'd rather not have.
(5)sick joke,black humor
And then sick jokes and black humor are sometimes related things.A sick joke would be a joke in very bad taste that almost everyone would say it's very bad taste and not just some people think it's bad but most people think it's bad.Black humor is a little bit different.It tends to see humor even in serious or unhappy situations.The people involved in the situation maybe don't find it comical,but from the outside looking at the situation sometimes you can't see humor in them.
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(1) keep tabs on
Camille used all kinds of interesting words and phrases here.Keeping tabs on something is watching it closely or surveiling something.
(2)spat
A spat is a short quarrel or fight or outburst.It's usually about something that's not really all that important.
(3)ditty
A ditty is a kind of a very simple and unaffected song, sometimes just,I think,silly.
(4)crowd
When you talk about a crowd like the younger crowd,it usually refers to a specific group of people that have something in common.So in this case it's young people.Sometimes people talk about being worried that their children are getting in with the wrong crowd, things like that.It means they don't approve of the people that their children are becoming friends with.
(5)make one's mouth water
She talks about chocolates that make her mouth water.Mouth water is also called saliva, and your mouth watering is salivating.And everybody does it when they see something they'd like to eat.
(6)beau
Beau means boyfriend usually when it's used nowadays,but it's a little bit of a specialized way to say boyfriend.It sounds a little more courtly or old-fashioned.
(7)ask someone out
And it only means go on a date.You can make it more specific.He asked me out to a movie or he asked me out to dinner.You couldn't make it more specific where you went,but it has nothing to do with being outside.There's another phrase that might be a little difficult sometimes.If you continue dating,then you can say,I've been seeing him for two months,for example.Usually the word see you can't use with ing because it's something that just happens.If your eyes are open and everything is functioning normally,you see.It's not a choice and so you usually can't use it with ing form in English.In this case,though,see has a different meaning.
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George Bush, homme serieux
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=501981
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ONLY the other day the clever line on George Bush was that he was nothing but a lazy frat boy. Now, with Mr Bush imposing his agenda on Washington more successfully than any president since Ronald Reagan, the line is that he¡Çs nothing but a boring bureaucrat: tidy-minded and business-friendly but utterly devoid of ideas. A cover story in the New York Times magazine introduces ¡Èthe MBA president¡É. The New Republic presents him as a 1950s-style ¡Èorganisation man¡É.
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But Mr Bush¡Çs Republican Party is a very different creature from Eisenhower¡Çs. The past 40 years have seen the creation of a new Republican constituency, the conservative intelligentsia, thanks to the defection of neo-conservatives from the Democratic Party, the rise of right-wing think-tanks and the stalwart work of the op-ed pages of the Wall Street Journal. This rive droite has played a vital role in driving the Republican Party¡Çs successes, persuading it to embrace ¡Èunthinkable¡É ideas such as tax cuts and welfare reform.
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Right-wing think-tanks have an even firmer grip. Mr Bush¡Çs labour secretary, Elaine Chao, is the first former fellow of the Heritage Foundation to make it into the cabinet; his chief economic adviser, Larry Lindsey, comes from the American Enterprise Institute;¡ÊÃæά¡ËMr Bush¡Çs first three legislative initiatives?on education, faith-based organisations and tax cuts?have all been shaped by policy wonks. His education bill is steeped in the cogitations of the think-tank world, stretching from the leftish Progressive Policy Institute to conservative theoreticians such as Chester Finn.
¡¡ÆäËÂçÅýÎÎÁª¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëºÇ¹âºÛȽ·è¤òÈóÆñ¤·¤¿DiIulio»á¤òÀ¯¸¢Æâ¤Ë¼è¤ê¹þ¤ó¤Ç¡¢Èà¤ÎÃÎŪ¡Öµ¯¶È²È¡×Ū¤ÊÉôʬ¤ò³è¤«¤¹¤Î¤Ï¡¢¡Ö´ë¶È¿Í¡×Ū¶¦ÏÂÅÞ°÷¤Ç¼þ°Ï¤ò¸Ç¤á¤ë¤è¤ê¤â¤Ï¤ë¤«¤ËÍ¥¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥óºöÄê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â¤³¤ÎÀ¯¸¢¤Ï´üÂԤǤ¤ë¡¢³Î¤«¤Ë¥Ö¥Ã¥·¥å»á¼«¿È¤Ë¤Ï¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¤È·ë¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
Mr DiIulio is a studiously middle-of-the road figure, an active New Democrat who hangs his hat at the Brookings Institution as well as the Manhattan Institute and who wrote a coruscating article denouncing the Supreme Court decision that brought Mr Bush to office. An intellectual entrepreneur stands a much better chance of getting a new initiative off the ground than a corporate Republican.Mr Bush may not have a vision himself; but he knows the importance of people who do.
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(1)class act
It sounds almost the same in Japanese.A class act is an example of the great quality or prestige.
(2)you can't take it with you
Sometimes people use this phrase as a justification for spending more money than they really think they should.
(3)six-figure income
Six-figure income,seven-figure income,these two phrases are fairly common when talking about larger incomes.I don't think people say,five-figure income,which is where most people in the U.S. are.
(4)affluent clientele
An affluent clientele would be clients who have sufficient or extra resources or materials that they can use.Affluent is having plenty.
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(1)make the news
Lee talks about these millionaires not making the news.This phrase means their stories or information about them aren't used on news programs.
(2)work hard
I think you can hear the disappointment of people who would like to be millionaires.When they find out how to do it,it's hard work.
(3)make news
This is an interesting phrase because earlier we had make the news,make the news.Make the news means get on to a news program.Make news means that your actions or your lifestyle are so interesting that it can become a news story.
(4)wow
You've probably heard the word wow used more than interjection,something people say when they're surprised or impressed.But it can also be used as a verb like this sentence here.And in that case,it means impress or excite until people become enthusiastic.
(5)go off to seek one's fortunes
Talking about the kids going off to seek for their fortunes sounds a little bit romantic.You could just say,they left their nest or you could say,they got jobs and now they're living on their own.
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(1)world-class budgeters
This sentence might seem a little strange to Japanese people because from what I've heard in Japan it's sort of common wisdom that the wife is the one who takes care of the money and makes the budget and saves money for the family.In the U.S. I think some people share it,but it's very common for the husband to handle the family finances,not the wife.
(2)drop-dead fund
I think within the family they talk about it this way because they don't expect him to drop dead and they don't want him to drop dead.And they can add a little humor to the situation because it is important to save money in case of the worst happening.No one would know how to answer that.They'd be pretty shocked.
(3)keel over
Keels over is a phrase that I think is maybe related to ships or smaller boats.The keel is on the bottom of the boat,and if the boat turns over in the water,of course,it's no good anymore,the keel comes up under the water.So someone,a person who keels over is someone who's fallen over often in a faint or maybe you don't know the reason why.It could also be a euphemism for died.
(4)pinch pennies
Pinch pennies means economize or try to save money,spend less.
(5)luxury sedan
Luxury sedans is a kind of car,of course.It usually seats four people and has two or four doors.Other cars like a coupe or coupe' only seats two people.
(6)Ming vase
Also Ben talks about Ming vases.You can pronounce that word two ways in English,v[a;]z like he said or v[ei]s.V[a;]z,though,in this case because it's a Ming vase,it's sort of a symbol of wealth and power that you can buy one of those very rare vases.But most people in most conversations in the U.S.,I think,would say,v[ei]s,because v[a;]z except for special circumstances sounds kind of snobbish.
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(1)revelation
I think especially the noun form is used in the Bible for when God reveals something that's true to human beings.People often use it as a strong form of eye-opener.
(2)his family is old money
The sentence,his family is old money,might sound a little strange because,of course,his family isn't any kind of money.But this phrase old money is usually used with is to describe a family that's had money for generations.
(3)anchor
In the U.S. the newsperson who sits at the desk in the studio and almost works as an MC for outside reporters is called the anchor.I think I've heard that in Japanese also,but I've heard other words too.I think in the U.S. that person is always called the anchor.
(4)let alone
The final phrase,let alone interview,might be a little bit difficult to understand.This phrase is used fairly often to show contrast or maybe add an example when the rest of the sentence is negative, especially in the negative context.There're a couple of phrases in English closer to the Japanese phrases also.To say nothing of something,the example,or not to mention something,the example again.
(5)commonplace
Something that's commonplace is ordinary or unremarkable.You probably wouldn't notice it especially unless you had a special purpose.A lot of people will use the question form.It's one way to ask someone if you heard correctly.So if you're sort of surprised and you want to check the information,you would speak this way.It's very common in English conversation.
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(1)stem
If you stem something,you check it or stop it,you restrain it,or you could even use it to mean dam something up,some kind of a stream.
(2)serial quitter
Serial quitters is sort of a funny phrase.Serial means one after the other in a series,a kind of set that happens consecutively.But there's another phrase in English,serial killers,which would be someone who killed one person after another.
(3)no wonder
No wonder is a phrase that Americas use quite a bit either when they're not surprised or when they hear news that was probably an inevitable thing anyway.
(4)drop everything and walk away
Drop everything and walk away is a phrase you hear sometimes in the U.S. to describe someone who just completely gave up and turned their back on some situation,no warning,no nothing,they just leave.
(5)be taken for granted
Something that's taken for granted is assumed. Granted means given.Taken for granted means you're expected to be there,you don't think about it,it's just always there.
(6)career killer
A career killer,of course,would be something that ruins your career.It used to be for women having children would be a career killer.Other kinds of career killers would be criminal activity,of course,not fulfilling contracts or responsibilities that you've promised to fulfill or making very large public mistakes.
(7)pissed off
Pissed off is kind of a vulgar way to say angry.
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Napster Barred From Dealing Copyrighted Songs
http://www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB20010212S0023
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But the appeals court, presided over by Mary M. Schroeder, Robert R. Beezer, and Richard A. Paez, ordered a lower court to modify its original injunction against Napster so that the service would not be able to make copyrighted material available for trade.
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Napster must stop trading copyrighted material, but the song-swap service can otherwise continue to operate until a lower court clarifies an earlier injuction.
¡¡Napster¼Ò¤¬º£¸å¤½¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤«¤Ï¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢´û¤ËGnutella¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËƱÍͤβ»³Ú¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä¤ò¸ò´¹¤¹¤ë¡Ö»Ô¾ì¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¡×¤Ï³¡¹¤ÈΩ¤Á¾å¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤½¤¦¤Ç¡¢Ã±¤ËNapster¤òᤤ¤Æ¤â¤É¤ì¤Û¤É¤Î¸ú²Ì¤¬¥ì¥³¡¼¥É²ñ¼Ò¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Bertelsmann¼Ò¡Ê¥É¥¤¥Ä¤Î¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢´ë¶ÈÊ£¹çÂΡ¦»±²¼¤ËBMG¡Ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËNapster¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊËÄÂç¤Ê¥µ¥Ö¥¹¥¯¥é¥¤¥Ð¡¼¤ò»ý¤Ä²»³Ú¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä¶¡µë¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò¿ÈÆâ¤Ë°ú¤¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤·¤Þ¤ª¤¦¤È¤¹¤ëÊý¤¬¤à¤·¤í¸½¼ÂŪ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
http://www.napster.com/pressroom/pr/001031.html
(1)dream about
I think Camille would really like to be able to telecommute.This is probably more wishful thinking than actually dreaming.
(2)keep an eye on
I think this manager's feeling uncomfortable when they can't keep an eye on their subordinates also goes along with empowerment which is a popular topic these days in companies.If you can't trust your subordinates to work well when you're not watching them,it probably means they're still not working as well as they could.
(3)broadband Internet connection
A broadband Internet connection is a kind of connection that can handle large amounts of data and other information.If you have a broadband connection,it can probably handle voice and data and video all at the same time at high enough speeds so they all work correctly.
(4)not make any difference
I suppose managers will feel like they're in close enough contact with you to know that you're working well and not wasting time or money.
(5)new twist
A new twist is a phrase often used to describe a new or different way to do an old thing.
(6)sushi bar
Sushi bars in the U.S. are very expensive.I know sushi is expensive in Japan too,but it's more expensive in the U.S.,I think.So having a sushi bar in your company's cafeteria would be quite a perk.It would show how sophisticated and cosmopolitan your company is..
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(1)on the road
On the road means traveling.And in companies the people who do the most traveling are the sales reps.So sometimes they're called road warriors.
(2)do work from home
If you're doing work from home,it means you stay at home to do your regular work.You use your computer at home or telecommute.
(3)traffic congestion
Traffic congestion usually talks about the general situation of a road.It doesn't mean traffic jams necessarily although jams are probably more frequent in a congested area.
(4)kind of
People use that kind of phrase a lot in very informal,casual conversations.In business,though,if you're having a discussion to make decisions,you should try to be careful not to use too much of this softening type language because it makes you sound indecisive and like you're not quite sure of your information or of your own opinion.
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(1)circular
A circular is usually a paper or leaflet or it could be a memo,I suppose.Memos are also circulated,but their main purpose is to distribute them widely.
(2)put in
If you put in longer hours,it usually means you're working for a longer time.
(3)nine-hour shift
When you use this kind of phrase,nine-hour or two-year-old,things like that,the noun is not plural.Remember not put the s on the end.Even from some very good speakers I sometimes catch that mistake.
(4)absenteeism
Absenteeism is being absent or away from work again and again,kind of chronic absence.These might be all okayed or acceptable under the company's system.But people who are happy at work and challenged by their job tend not to take as many days off.So although absenteeism sounds a little bad,it doesn't necessarily mean that they're just not showing up one day.
(5)go off the chart
The phrase going off the chart,of course,means increasing rapidly.If you think of a line graph showing trends and the line is going up and up and up too rapidly to stay on the chart,that's the idea of going off the chart.
(6)perk
Perks is the word most people use.I've even heard some native English speakers who didn't realize that perquisites was the actual full word.But perks are extra special benefits that come along with your job or position.
(7)oldster
Oldsters,of course,are senior citizens or older people.I've even heard them called seasoned citizens.
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Debt Trap¡ª
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=488864
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Now, after the bursting of the Nasdaq stockmarket bubble, and with the economy slowing sharply, a few admit to a risk of a mild recession. But almost all expect a bounce-back later in the year, as monetary easing works its charm.
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The Japanese investment and stockmarket booms in the 1980s were based on the flawed notion that Japan had invented new economic laws?whereas America¡Çs faster productivity growth, driven by the high-tech revolution, looks more real
¡¡¤½¤ì¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ë¤½¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©¡Ö¤·¤«¤·¡¢ËܼÁŪ¤Ê°ÕÌ£¤Çº£¤ÎU.S.¤È'89¡Á'90¤ÎÆüËܤˤÏ¿¤¯¤ÎÎà»÷ÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¤½¤ì¤Ï²á¾êºÄ̳¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¡×¤È¤½¤ÎÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ¿Ìä¤òÅꤲ¤«¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£°Ê²¼¡¢²á¾êºÄ̳¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆU.S.¤¬Ãí»ë¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤»Ý¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
All that said, there are enough eerie similarities between America today and Japan in 1989-90 to be worrying. The biggest is excessive debt.
¡¡¡ÖU.S.¤Î¹¥·Êµ¤¤â·ë¶É´ë¶È¤ä¾ÃÈñ¼Ô¤Î¼Ú¶â¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»Ù¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·ÁÀ®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿»ñ»º²ÁÃ͡ʳô²Á¡¦´Þ¤ß±×¤òôÊݤˤ·¤¿¼ÚÆþ¡Ë¤â¤Ï¤¿¤·¤ÆµÒ´ÑŪ¤Ë·òÁ´¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ïµ¿Ìä¡£·ë¶ÉÁ°Äó¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢U.S.·ÐºÑ¤Î´ÖÃǤʤÀ®Ä¹¤È¤½¤ì¤Ë¤È¤â¤Ê¤¦³ô²Á¾å¾º¡£¡×
¡¡ So it is alarming that America¡Çs boom has also been fuelled by massive borrowing by companies and households.
By borrowing against paper gains in share values, households have been able to shop until they dropped, not bothering to save.
A lot of consumer and corporate debt has been incurred on the assumption of everlasting growth and rising share prices.
¡¡¡Ö¥Ð¥Ö¥ë¤Îµ¬ÌϤϤɤ¦¤«¡©ÆüËܤξì¹ç¤Ï°Û¾ï¤ÊÃϲÁ¹âƤ¬¸¶°ø¤À¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢U.S.¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï³ô¼°»Ô¾ì¡£U.S.¤ÎÀ¤ÂӤǤϥԡ¼¥¯»þ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢²Ä½èʬ½êÆÀ¤Î175¡óʬ¤Î³ô¼°¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£ÆüËܤǤ¹¤é¥Ð¥Ö¥ëÀäĺ´ü¤Î'89¤Ç90¡ó¤·¤«³ô¼°¤òÊÝͤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×
Japan¡Çs excesses depended chiefly on crazy property prices, while American property has remained fairly sane. But the corresponding boost to debt and consumption in America has come from the stockmarket. At the market¡Çs peak, American households owned shares worth 175% of their disposable income, much higher than Japanese households¡Ç shareholdings at the Tokyo market¡Çs 1989 peak of only 90% of their income.
¡¡¡Ö¤ä¤Ï¤êÆüËܤÏÆÃÊ̤ǤϤʤ¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£»ñ»º²ÁÃͤε޾徺¤¬¡¢²áÂç¤Ê¼Ú¶â¤È²á¾êÅê»ñ¤òÂ¥¿Ê¤·¡¢»ñ»º²ÁÃͤ¬²¼¤¬¤ë¤È°Ý»ý¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¡£U.S.¤â¤ª·è¤Þ¤ê¤Î¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤ë¤À¤±¤Î¤³¤È¡£¡×
Japan, in short, is not unique. America is but one more example of an age-old phenomenon, in which rapid increases in asset prices encourage a credit binge and overinvestment that prove unsustainable once asset prices fall.
¡¡¡Ö¥¼¥í¶âÍøÀ¯ºö¤òºÎ¤ê¡¢µð³Û¤ÊºâÀ¯ÀÖ»ú¤òÊú¤¨¤ëÆüËܤËÈæ¤Ù¤ì¤Ð¡¢U.S.¤Ï¶âÍø¡¦ºâÀ¯Ì̤Ǹ½ºßºÎ¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢'90ǯÂå¤ÎÆüËܤˤª¤¤¤Æ¤â¶âÍø¡¢ºâÀ¯¹õ»ú¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆU.S.ƱÍͤ«¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¤Î;͵¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£¡×
America certainly has more scope to cut interest rates and taxes than today¡Çs Japan, where interest rates are already near zero and the government has a massive budget deficit. But Japan had plenty of scope to do both in 1990, when interest rates were at similar levels to those in America today, and its budget surplus was then even bigger as a share of GDP.
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America has a good chance to escape the full, stagnant fate suffered by Japan during the 1990s. But the more that the debt trap is ignored, the more the risks will rise.
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(1)site
A site in this case is of course a Web page or somewhere that you can get with your browser on your computer.
(2)this
Ben starts out his sentence using this.Words like this and that often refer back to something that happened earlier in the conversation.This case is also another good usage of the word this,although in this case it refers forward to something that he's going to begin talking about.
(3)gay-friendly
Earlier in this vignette,we had the phrase be friendly to gay couples.This is the same meaning,just a different form,hyphen friendly.You can put any noun in the beginning and that means friendly to that noun.
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(1)if you put it that way
If you put it that way is a phrase people often use when they're beginning to be convinced of something.The person they've been listening to has explained something from a different point of view or maybe with different words so that the listener is beginning to agree.
(2)go for
Mann talks about going for the gay market.Often instead of going for people say targeting.
(3)niche market
A niche market,of course,is a small market.But the word niche has two pronunciations,nich like Araki-san said and I think many Americans say,but there's also nish, which is a little closer to the original French.
(4)turn the tables full circle
This is kind of an interesting phrase.I think Lee has put two well-known phrases together and it makes rather strong.One is turn the tables on someone,which means get the upper hand or become in control or get the advantage.The second phrase is come full circle,which means go through a process and come back to where you started,not exactly in the same situation but perhaps after your experience is better and stronger.
(5)only a fraction
Only a fraction of something is a phrase often used to mean a very small part.
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(1)I guess
I think Araki-san is not really guessing about what he's saying.American English speakers anyway often use that word to say,I believe,I trust,I'm sure,it's true.
(2)become more open
Becoming more open usually means being less secretive or being able to be more honest publicly.
(3)be dead wrong
Dead is often used as an adjective when you want to make something sound absolute or complete or total.
(4)treat someone as
If you treat someone or something as something,you handle them in a specific way,you deal with them in a set way.
(5)run ads
If you run an ad,you place it in some kind of media.It used to refer mostly to printed media so something that repeats again and again and again in small continuous steps like printing newspapers.It's called running ad,a run.So running ads used to be in newspapers or magazines.I think it's used now for almost any media.
(6)run the risk of
If you run the risk of something,you have the danger of it,you probably accept the danger.
(7)keep something in perspective
If you keep something in perspective,you see it correctly,you don't see it as either larger or smaller than the other things that it's related to.
(8)it's as simple as that
It's as simple as that is a phrase people often use to say there's nothing to argue about.It's very clear,it's very easy,everyone must agree.
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(1)come up with
If you come up with something,you invent or discover or produce,usually an idea or a plan.
(2)vacation
In English people often use the word vacation when they mean go somewhere for recreation,not just one day but you'd probably stay overnight a few nights anyway.;stay-at-home vacation;You usually need to modify it somehow so people understand you're not traveling.
(3)oodles of
Oodles of something means lots and lots of it,a great quantity.And it's usually something good that you'd love to have lots of.
(4)rough spot
The rough spots would be the parts that M&B has trouble with because they don't understand the market as clearly as they'd like to,or maybe they're just rough spots because this is their first attempt at this minority market.
(5)income bracket
Income brackets refers to the income tax system.I think it's similar here in Japan.If you earn from one lower amount up to another higher amount,in the U.S.,they call it your income bracket.And depending on your bracket,you pay a different percentage for your income tax.
(6)whereas
Whereas is a word that might be a little bit difficult to use.It's introducing a comparison and tends to be sort of opposite,maybe not exactly opposite but clearly different.
(7)dine out
Dine out is a rather nice way to talk about eating in restaurants,not eating at home.Some people would say eat out,instead of dine out or eat in a restaurant like guys just said.
(8)distinct
A distinct level means the level is very clear and easy to see or understand.It's unmistakable.
(9)anti
Also Lee said,an[tai] gay.You can also pronounce that an[chi].
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(1)loner
Someone who's a loner is someone who's happy to be alone.They prefer their own company to that of lots of other people.
(2)head-start
A head-start is an early start or an advantage at the beginning of a game or race.Here Lee Seymour uses it as an adjective.
(3)curfew
In the past,curfew was an evening bell,a bell rung at the end of the day.Now,it's usually used to mean some kind of an order to be off the streets or to be in a specific place at night.Sometimes parents give their kids curfews,especially their teenage kids.They have to be in by ten o'clock or midnight.
(4)shift
Shift often means move,move from one position to another position.But this phrase shift for themselves or shift for yourself means take responsibility for yourself.
(5)no roof over one's head
The phrase no roof over your head means you have no home.It doesn't mean you're roofless.Roofless would mean your house is missing its roof.
(6)take a hard line against something
If you take a hard line against something,you're strictly against it,you're probably pretty strongly disapproving of whatever you take a hard line against.
(7)Rounding them up and running them out of town won't solve the problem.
I think this is what happens a lot and why some people are trying to help homeless people more.Often the police just move them away from the neighborhood,so the people living there feel like the problem has been solved.Actually it's just been moved somewhere.I think that's another reason people object to this kind of a solution.They're treating homeless people like cattle.
