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(1)practical joker
A practocal joler is someone who plays or pulls joke on people that are a little unpleasant.They tend to embarass or maybe cause discomfort for the people who are targeted of jokes.Some of those hidden camera TV shows are basically practical joke shows.They do something unexpected to people and then record the action.
(2)I'm afraid
Lee is,of course,not actually afraid.She is gonna say something that's not really nice,not really good.A lot of English speakers open their comments with I'm afraid,if the news is bad.
(3)the butt of the joke
I think a lot of people who witness the practical joke feel kind of bad for the person who was targeted of it is the butt of the joke.But on the other hand,I think also often very funny,so people laugh and feel guilty at the same time.
(4)knee-slapper
And a knee-slapper would be a joke or situsation that's so funny and when you laugh so hard,you bend over and slap your knees,put your hands on your knees.
(5)pull a practical joke
Usually when you talk about practical jokes,the verb used with that is either pull or play.
(6)fall for
In the case of practical jokes,if you fall for something,you become the victim.You believe something or fall into the plan of something that normally you wouldn't be part of.You could say take the bait.
(7)humongous
Humongous is kind of an interesting word.It's not even in my dictionary,although I've heard it a lot and I probably used for myself.It's just the very strong way to say very large or very huge.
(8)the passenger sees this humongous
Also as Mann is telling the story,she says the passenger sees this humongous furry spider.I think by using this,she makes the story much more real to the people listening to the story,usually this is the things that are close to you and the both people can see.
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(1)tickle one's funny bone
Something that tickles your funny bone makes you laugh.It's something you find humorous.Your funny bone is the part of your elbow that really gives you a strong reaction if you bang it.I think because it's funny for everybody who sees you do it.
(2)get out of hand
And something that gets out of hand is something that's become too unruly to manage.
(3)be steamed up
If you're steamed up about something,you're angry about it.Another way to say that is all hot under the collar.
(4)concerted
I think you probably see this phrase used in this way,doing something together or in cooperation,usually just in this phrase as the verb,concerted effort,or in concert,which means together.
(5)simple text file
And computer's simple text files are important,especially if you're using e-mail,because you can never be sure what kind of computer your reader is using.And simple text files are usually easily readable by all computers,new and old.
(6)one of those monsters
Mann talks about one of those monsters.She means a very large message that includes a lot of extra bells and whistles and exciting things,if your computer can handle it easily.You can use the word monster in other situations also to talk about something that's great,big and huge,maybe a little threatening or troublesome.
(7)tick someone off
Something that ticks you off makes you very angry very quickly.Other ways you could say that is what gets me or what gets my goat.
(8)One man's meat is another man's poison.
This phrase is often used to talk about people's different tastes.Things you like you like and things you don't like you don't like.And I think instead of comparing which is better,who has better taste,I think they're just different.So this phrase is often used with that meaning.
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(1)well enough
It wasn't a great meeting,but you know,kind of lukewarm praise for it.
(2)fuming
When you're fuming,you're kind of irritated or excited with angry usually.
(3)higher-up
A higher-up is usually your boss or maybe your boss's boss.Someone in a higher level in your company.And one of your people or in this case one of Bea Keaton's people,one of her people means the people she supervises or manages.It works the same way your in-law you have.If you have more than one brother-in-law,they're brothers-in-law.
(4)to boot
To boot means besides or besides that or even also very similar to also.I was interested to see my dictionary that this word,this phrase is considered obsolete.I still hear it and it doesn't seem old or obsolete to me.
(5)Nelson could get sued
I think in this case the company is considered responsible for it,the content on their network,the things that they allow their employees to put on the net or use the net e-mail system for.
(6)no laughing matter
Something that's no laughing matter is something that's not funny and it also includes the opposite meaning,it's seriously.
(7)backfire
Backfire is what happens when you have a plan or a scheme or just some actions you're taking and you get the opposite result you're expected.
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(1)entry-level workers
I think this is a common problem many matured developed economies.Most of the population is well edicated,they don't want to take lower level jobs that are open.This has been the problem recently in the U.S. with the long booming economy.
(2)ethnic barrios
Ethnic barrios would be neighborhoods where one cultural group of people tend to live together.It's often used negatively by English speakers,because they feel like that gruop of immigrants should be spreading out or opening up to American culture's sense they're living in the U.S.Many cities in U.S.,though,have Italian areas or Irish areas.Chicago is a good example.
(3)outlook
An outlook is a point of view,the way someone sees the situation.
(4)apprehension
Apprehension usually means feel or worry.
(5)force their own cultural heritage
I think another thing in U.S. is because it is a country of immigrants many people feel,but it's English language that helps hold everyone together.So if you have large groups of immigrants speaking other languages,it can be perceived as a great threat to the whole coountry.
(6)the process of Americanization
I think Mann is talking about the process is sort of American kind of a thing.I suppose because this is set in the U.S.,but I think this process happens in most places where immigrants are somewhat welcome.I think it's a human thing you tend to change to be more similar to the people where you're living among.
(7)not to mention
And not to mention is a nice phrase to introduce something else that had the same process that I think most people already understand and sort of take for granted.
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(1)Greater Miami
Miami,of course,would be the political boundaries of the actual city.But most cities have lots of suburbs maybe even in small town nearby that all function kind of like one unit,because of people commuting and different products available in different parts of the area.Greater is often used to talk about the area around the city,but there are a couple of other ways you can say.In the case of Chicago,a lot people talk about Chicago land.Another place I've lived Portland Oregon is next to a city and the next State,Washignton State,there's a river separates them,but they function together like the unit too,and they're called Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area.
(2)Southern States
The Southern State,it probably depends on a little bit what you're thinking about,but tends to include the states Arkansas,Mississipi,Alabama,Georgia,the Carolinas,Tennessee and Kentucky.Some of them are called deep south that would be the southern-most of the group.
(3)high waves
High waves of Hispanic immigrants means quite a few people come at one time and then the numbers go down a bit and they rise a bit,kind of a wave washing a shore.
(4)riding into town
Riding into town sounds a little bit like westens,western movies,when strangers would ride into town and horses,many of the town's people would suspicious,because they had no idea what the reputation of those new people was.
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Global usage of English speaks volumes in trade
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/0,,2-101226,00.html
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THE value of the English language¡Çs dominance in international business and politics was yesterday put at £5,455 billion, more than the combined worth of the Japanese and German languages.
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linguists will give warning next week that the dominance of the language is threatened by its very success because so many people will learn a form of English that it will break up into mutually unintelligible dialects.
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He will tell the conference that in 1996 up to 85 per cent of messages conveyed on the Internet were in English. Now the proportion is down to 60 per cent, and falling.
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Some speakers at the conference estimate that half the world¡Çs population will be competent in English by 2050, but others fear this will put impossible strains on the language.
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Far from being the medium of education in former colonies, he says, it has served to marginalise speakers of native languages and even to threaten the existence of their traditional tongues.
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Crucial to the calculations, Mr Simmons believes, is the fact that more than 85 per cent of international organisations use English as one of their working languages.
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Professor Crystal finds comfort in the fact that English is the mother-tongue of more than 400 million people, and the official language for a further 400 million, mainly in former British colonies. Between a quarter and a third of the world¡Çs population can already use it,
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(1)the capital of latin America
I think some people call Miami the capital of Latin America,because so many Latin Americans live there and as you heard in today's lesson.Most of the banks,all the banks from Latin America have the U.S. have the headqarters in Miami.
(2)as the American city of the future
Miami seems to be the first in U.S. that is heavily Hispanic has a large number of people and influence from Latin America.But Hispanic pupulation in the U.S. is growing more rapidly than most other groups,so in a while U.S. would be much more heavily influenced by Spanish speaking immigrants.
(3)Miami's total head count
He also talks about Miami's total head count.Sometimes people take a head count that find out how many people are there.The phrase is also used sometimes to mean pupulation.
(4)see anything Hispanic as hip
I think in the U.S. there have been various waves of of Hispanic or Spanish speaking culture becoming very popular through the country.I'm not sure,because I'm not there at all,but I think this current wave is much more,maybe,integrated into people's lives,because the Spanish speakers who are spreading this kind of culture tend to be bilingual.They speak speak English and Spanish.I think in the past they had to generally sing in English,using the Hispanic top music,but singing in English so that they achieved wide popularity.I think it's less of a fad this time as it has been in the past.
(5)twenty-some
Twenty-some means between twenty and thirty,but exactly how many is dificult to say.
(6)on a par with New York
Something that's on a par with something else is at the same level or is roughly equal to.
(7)top
If you top something,this phrase is used fairly often,it means go beyond,go over the top of some special mark.
(8)teens and young adults
Maybe you know this teen,Mann says adults,she put stress on the first syllable that's also common way to say it.
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Crunch time
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=533322
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¡ÈPERHAPS my views are extreme, but I think this is a good time to buy.¡É That was the advice of Hakuo Yanagisawa, Japan¡Çs financial-affairs minister, on March 13th, after the benchmark Nikkei 225 index plunged to its lowest close for 16 years. Few investors agreed
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Nonetheless, the proposal helped lift the markets, at least temporarily. After the announcement, the Nikkei closed up at 12,153. The Topix, a broader index, was also up, though still near a two-year low.
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Their huge stock portfolios used to be full of unrealised gains to offset losses from disposals of bad loans. Now their portfolios are turning into large liabilities. This could push them into the red when they close their books at the end of the month. Banks must mark down any shares that fall more than 50% below the price at which they were bought or last revalued.
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At current prices,this will result in more than \1.2 trillion ($10 billion) of extra losses for the 16 biggest banks. Worse, he says that if the Topix falls to 1,100 (from its current 1,184), the losses could all but wipe out \1.8 trillion of profits that are expected for this year. The banks are starting to feel the heat: Fitch IBCA, a ratings agency, said on March 14th that it was considering downgrading the ratings of 19 Japanese banks.
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In order to offset these losses, banks are trying to take profits by selling their better-performing stocks. That is helping push share prices even lower.
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He wants to clean up Japan¡Çs debt-ridden financial system, by making banks speed up their write-offs of bad loans.(Ãæά¡ËAssuming he manages to do all this, he will then have to oversee a messy, even shocking, process that will entail job losses and lots of bankruptcies.
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(1)beat
Beat in this case probably refers to the rhythm,so Latino Beat would be the kind of music that has Latin rhythm in it.
(2)knockout
And Ben seems to like it a lot,he called the concert a knockout.A knockout is something that you really like,something sensational or very attractive.
(3)old bones
Old bones refers to your body.A lot of people as they get older sometimes talk about body,says old bones.And it is kind of almost enduring kind of a way to talk about your aging body.
(4)moving to those South-of-the-Border sounds
Ben also talks about moving to those South-of-the-Border sounds,I think he means dancing or some way physically enjoy the rhythm of the music.
(5)infectious
Something that's infectious use this way,not in a medical way,means it affected some people.I think when it's not related to disease,it's always positive.
(6)gets under your skin
Something that gets under your skin is hard to ignore,it's compelling.
(7)can't sit still
And again can't sit still is very similar to moving which Ben used earlier.It probably means dancing or snapping your fingers something rhythmic to go along the music.
(8)it's not every night
It's not every night might be a phrase that that's a little bit confusing.You could put in a day instead of night or week,almost any time phrase work and the phrase means it's rather unusual,it's a rare occurence.
(9)putting a new face on entertainment
If you put a new face on something,you renovated or renewed it.It has a different appearance.
(10)numbers
Songs or musical pieces are often called numbers,especially in pop music.
(11)at ease
At ease means comforatable.In this case,I think it also implies capable.They can easily handle both types of music,both languages.
(12)mix them without rhyme or reason
Something that mixed without rhyme or reason is randomly mixed,something without rhyme or reason has no rules or structure.It's random.
(13)use the one that comes naturally
I think this advice is probably fine,if you're talking to people you don't know at all.But some people do prefer one term or the other,so it's probably the best to find out which term the people you're talking to prefer.There are quite a few other terms you can use to talk about the Spanish speaking people in the U.S.Some are insulting,some have kind of dropped out people don't use so much any more.I think Hispanic or Latino or Latina are probably major one now.
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(1)sit up and listen
When you sit up and listen,you pay attention to something or take note of it.
(2)sponsor a bill
In the U.S. you usually say one of the members of Congress is sponsoring a bill.There're the ones who introduce a new law into the Congress so that it can be discussed and perhaps altered or passed or discarded.
(3)seasoned middle managers
Seasoned middle managers might sound a little funny.Seasoned often makes me think of herbs or spices in whatever meal I'm eating.But in this case, seasoned means aged in a good way, aged meaning it becomes deeper and richer or mature or experienced.There's one guy in the radio in the U.S. who calls senior citizens seasoned citizens,because it focuses on the depth of their experience and not the fact that they're getting old.
(4)workers paid by the hour
Also what they're paid are usually called wages.If you have the one- year settled compensation,that's usually called a salary,even if it's paid monthly or whatever.
(5)ride on the gravy train
Riding on the gravy train just means you've found an easy source of money.
(6)gripe
Gripe is often used to mean a petty complaint,not something so terribly important,although it might be extremely irritating.
(7)Mr. and Mrs. average American
Mr. and Mrs. average American is a common way to talk about the average person.In this case it sounds more like a family.Instead of speaking rather formally or officially about the average citizen or the average family,adding Mr. and Mrs. to it makes it feel a little more personal.Average Americans are families.
(8)fat cat
Fat cat is a phrase that's often used to talk about wealthy or privileged people,or people you could call big shots.It's a little bit envious,I think.It's usually used by people who wish they were fat cats.
(9)on the top floor
And often in office buildings in the U.S. the top floor is where the executive suite is or where the president or CEO has his office or a set of rooms making up his offices.
(10)Nearly half of them invest in the stock market.
This is a huge change that's happened since I was a little kid in the U.S.When I was little,rich people had stocks.It was almost always someone who was rich.I think there was a lot less economic news on television also,although I was a little kid so maybe I missed some of it.But one of us told the people they had the same impression.For me it's amazing that half of the people in the U.S. own stocks.
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(1)head skyward
Something that heads skyward eventually becomes sky high.
(2)at the top of an IPO
At the top of an IPO is kind of an interesting phrase.The basic phrase is at the drop of a hat and that usually means at any time or very quickly or easily.Anytime drop your hat things ready to go.At the drop of an IPO,though,makes it much more updated.And IPO is an Initial Publis Offering,it would make some of the dot-coms very popular when they first offer their shares for sale.Many people want to buy them,because the price tends to rise very rapidly,so if you can get part of an IPO,you can make a lot of money.
(3)price war
Usually when people talk about the price war,they mean cutting prices to try to sell your product for slightly less than the competitor so that everyone will buy your product in stead of the competitor's.Usually these are commodity type of products that are basically the smake thing no matter who produces them,so the only way to differentiate your product is by price,so normally price wars are end up with lower prices.In this case it should see the opposite,they are trying to beat each other,they are still using prices,though,to try to win the market,in this case for talent.
(4)stay on the mound
Here again Mann is using a sports metaphor to talk about business and this ball game sounds like baseball.
(5)knocking on the door
Another way you could say that in English is they're approaching these talented people.
(6)defend their turf
Turf is a glass something like that they talk about that teh turf in the football field and I think in baseball stadiums,but defending your turf in this case it doesn't so much mean the glass,it means your territory or your area.
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(1)old hat
Old hat is a phrase that's often used to talk about things that are old or old fasioned or passe.
(2)breaks
Breaks are a little bits of lack or in a situation where where it could become better or become more.If you get a break,it becomes better.
(3)wad
A wad is usually a small mass of something.It's often things like cotton,it's not hard.Wad is used in various ways,a wad of money actually means quite a bit of money,because if you kind of roll it up,usually that's quite a bit in the wad.You can also talk about chewing a wad of gum,sometimes a wad is a kind of plug,a soft plug.
(4)weeping and wailing
Weeping is crying,of course,wailing is using your voice while you cry I guess,although you can wail without tears.Weeping and wailing are used together and used like in this sentence usually means oh,complaining and feeling sorry for yourself.
(5)crocodile tears
A crocodile tear is sort of an interesting phrase.I have no idea why crocodile tears has become a phrase,but it means hypocritical tears crying when you don't really feel sadness.
(6)Their share prices tend to decline
Recently I was learning about e-business and e-commerce and it's said that many companies get into e-business,e-commerce as a defensive measure more than as a busines strategy.
(7)Nasdaq
I think that haven't lots with longer abbreviations especially if that can't be pronounced someone.
(8)paper profits
Here paper profits,of course,are unrealized profits.
(9)smoke and mirrors
And smoke and mirrors is a phrase that's used pretty often in English,when talking about something that looks really good,but actually has little or no content or is completely false.Magicians often use smoke and mirrors so that they are tricks,they are magic tricks,look very impressive.
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(1)brought a new CEO on board
If you bring someone on board,you hire them or have them join your company or organization.
(2)bonus
Bonus in English can usually not be used like it is in Japanese.The two yearly payments that many Japanese company workers receive wouldn't be considered bonus in the US.Bonus there is usually extra effort or unexpected good result.
(3)new economy
The other day work,we were talking about new economy what that means.I think in English the phrase means many different things,but they're all usually connected to new business oppotunities related to the internet.
(4)get penalized
You might've noticed Lou pronounced the word p[e]nalized and here we said it p[i]nalized.Both ways are possible.
(5)ask for the moon
If you ask for the moon,you ask for something that's impossible or at least very extravagant.
(6)dangle the carrot
This is sort of a funny phrase,because in English you can say,use the carrot with the stick to convince someone or encourage someone to do something.As the carrot would be something in the case of a horse that is a kind of reward for the right behavior.The stick,of course,is a punishment for the wrong behavior,so dangling carrot is fun of the horse,make the horse go forward to try to get the carrot.
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English is still on the march
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=511988
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Perhaps more surprisingly, it also suggests that more and more (non-British) Europeans accept the idea that all Europeans should learn English.
¡Ö40¡ó¤òĶ¤¨¤ë±Ñ¸ìnon-native²¤½£¿Í¤¬±Ñ¸ì¤òÍý²ò¤Ç¤¤ë¡¢¤È²óÅú¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£±Ñ¸ì¤òÊì¹ñ¸ì¤È¤¹¤ë¿Í¡¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤ËȾ¿ô°Ê¾å¤ÎEU·÷Æâ¤Î²¤½£¿Í¤¬±Ñ¸ì¤Ç°Õ»×¤òÄ̤¸¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¡×
Over 40% of them claimed to ¡Èknow¡É English as a foreign language. Add that to the almost 16% of the EU¡Çs people who are native English-speakers, and already over half the EU claims to be able to converse in English.
¡Ö¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê±Ñ¸ì¤ÎÀªÎϳÈÂç¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢ÆäËÆÈÊ©¤ÏÈù̯¤Ê´¶¾ð¤ò»ý¤Ä¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦·üÇ°¤â¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤½¤ì¤Ï¸ØÄ¥¤µ¤ì¤¹¤®¤Î¤è¤¦¤À¡£¡×
The onward march of the English language is often assumed to raise hackles across Europe, particularly in France, but also in Germany (see article) and elsewhere. However, the survey suggests that the opposition may be exaggerated.
¡Ö¡Ê±Ñ¹ñ¿Í¤ÏºÇ¤â³°¹ñ¸ì¤¬Ï令ʤ¤¤¬¡Ë²¤½£¤ÎÃæ¤ÇºÇ¤â³°¹ñ¸ì¤ËÄ̤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥ë¥¯¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ë¥°¿Í¤Ç¡¢¼«¹ñ¸ì¤·¤«Ï令ʤ¤¿Í¤Ï¤ï¤º¤«¤Ë2.2¡ó¡¢¥ª¥é¥ó¥À¿Í¤â¼Â¤Ë80¡ó¤¬±Ñ¸ì¤òÏ乤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¡£¡×
Luxembourgers are the best linguists: only 2.2% of them are monoglottal. The Dutch are pretty brilliant; over 80% of them speak English.
¡Ö±Ñ¸ì¤Î¶¦Ä̸첽¤Ï¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥ÑϢˮ»Ù»ý¼Ô¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¶¦Ä̸ì¤ÎÉÔ¸ºß¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ¯¼£Åª¤ÊÅý¹ç¤äñ°ì»Ô¾ìÆâ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëϫƯÎÏ°ÜÆ°¤¬Ã£À®¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤¹¤ëÈãȽ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ²òÅú¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£¤·¤«¤·ÌýÃǤ϶Øʪ¡£¡×
The rise of English may bolster some European federalists who have long battled against the idea that European political integration, as well as labour mobility within the single market, will be constrained by the lack of a common European language. But they should not be too confident.
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Even now, nearly half of all EU citizens still speak no language other than their own. And even bilingual countries can find themselves politically divided by language.
¡ÖÀ¯¼£²È¤â³Ø¹»¤Î»ùƸ¤âÆȸìÊ©¸ìξÊý¤òÏ令뤳¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢¥Ù¥ë¥®¡¼¤ÎÀ¯¼£¤Ï³Æ¡¹¤Î¸À¸ì·÷¤Ç¸·¤·¤¯Ê¬ÃǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡×
Belgian politics is bitterly divided between French and Dutch speakers-even though all schoolchildren, and certainly all politicians, are meant to speak both languages.
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(1)altogether
Seymore finishes up by saying altogether,another way you could say that is completely.
(2)I'm all for
If you're all for something,you support it 100%.
(3)crave
And if you crave something,you desire it strongly or even greedly.
(4)designate
If you designate something,you indicate it or you set it a part for a specific purpose.Earlier in this lesson,we heard the word earmark,they are pretty much the same meaning.
(5)graffiti
I think most American English speakers anyway use it as an uncountable noun.
(6)off-limits
Something that's off-limits is something you're not allowed.Put something off-limits means put it into the category.The opposite,though,doesn't exist,put something on-limits sounds pretty funny.
(7)combat
If you combat something,you fight against it,you try to overcome it or stop it.
(8)misguided laws
Also misguided law is usually something that was well meant,but it's inappropriate.It doesn't really work quite the right way.It doesn't do what the motivation to do it.meant to do.
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(1)wage
Wage is a verb that I think you hear mainly connection with wars in English.It means engage in or carry on or be in the process of warring.
(2)scrub
If you scrub something,you clean it by rubbing it briskly or strongly.
(3)decline
When you're talking about change in English like declining or increasing.You have to be careful with the preposition is used.Decline by two-thirds means one-thirds remains.Decline to two-thirds means one-thirds has gone away.
(4)crack down
If you crack down on something,you take strong control of it,you discipline.
(5)petty
Also the word petty in English usually means small or minor.Sometimes it's used for ways of thinking that are considered it's small and not very good.
(6)Philly
Philly is sort of the nickname for the city Philadelphia.
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(1)dog dropping
Dog dropping is the fairly polite way to talk about what dogs leave behind,when you take them on walks.A more cute way of talking about it is doggy do.
(2)scribble
One more meaning is the kind of writing that little kids who don't know how to write yet do.So there is not really drawing,there is not really writing,that's also called scribble or scribbling.
(3)self-respect
Self-respect means you have proper regard for yourself.You believe your position or standing is correct,and you fill it fully,so using self-respecting in this way,sort of,points out that a graffiti artist thinks he or she is pretty good wouldn't leave the blank wall,because graffiti artists fill the blank places.It's almost like duty.
(4)in view of
In view of is the phrase that means from the point of view of,or in regard to,or in consideration of.
(5)repeat hits
You could replace hits with attacks.
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(1)you all
Camile mentions you all meaning everybody.Sometimes people say that in English in the North would be pronounced pretty much like Camile says that.In the South like I think they use it more often you and plural,but the pronunciation changes a little bit and it sounds much more like one word y'all.It has a very sort of comfortable homy feel to it.
(2)graffiti
Graffiti is a sort of interesting word in English,because it comes from Italian and graffiti is the plural form.So if you look this up in the dictionary,chances are you won't find graffiti with the last i as one of the head word.You have to look for graffito with o.
(3)first off
First off might sound like sort of the strange phrase.Why doesn't he say just first?I think maybe it comes from sports,first off starting block,the first thing to do,immediatry or right away.
(4)Herculean task
Herculean is an interesting word.There is a different way to pronounce it as you just heard.It's an adjective form Hercules,one of the famous characters in Roman or Greek mythology.A Hercilean task is a huge task something tremendously large that seems to be impossible from most people to do,and I think that is because part of the story of Hercules is that he was given twelve labors that's called in English very often to perform in order to be forgiven for some bad thing that he'd done.
(5)Boy
That phrase I'd thought also funny to many people,but for Americans it's very common to say Boy,when you're impressed by something or you could say Oh Boy or another variation is that Boy oh boy.
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New arms for a new world
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=505415
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and since Mr Bush is asking for only a tiny immediate increase in the defence budget pencilled in for this year by Bill Clinton. In fact, the cynics look wrong.Behind the photo-ops, the Bush administration is moving towards what may yet turn out to be the long-promised transformation of the American defence system from cold-war fighting force to the high-tech army of the future.
¡Öʼ»Î¤ÎÊ罸Æñ¡¢»Îµ¤Äã²¼¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î¤È¤³¤íÌäÂê¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¥ì¡¼¥¬¥ó»þÂå¤è¤ê¤â·³Ââ·Ð¸³Ç¯¿ô¤äºÆÆþÂâΨ¤Ï¤à¤·¤í¹â¤¤¡£¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤ÏÏ·µà²½¤¹¤ë°ìÊý¤Îʼ´ï¡£Í½»»ºï¸º¤Î¤¿¤á¥Ú¥ó¥¿¥´¥ó¤Ï¥À¥¦¥ó¥µ¥¤¥¸¥ó¥°¤È¿·µ¬Ê¼´ï¤Î¹ØÆþ¤Î¼êË¡¤ò¤È¤ê³¤±¤Æ¤¤¿¡£¡×
This is that the armed forces face a crisis of recruitment and battle-readiness. Yes, there are a few signs of decay.¡ÊÃæά¡ËServing men and women now have more military experience than in Mr Reagan¡Çs day, an average of over seven years¡Ç service compared with four in the 1980s. The percentage of re-enlistments is higher than in the 1980s.The problem lies elsewhere: in America¡Çs ageing weapons systems.¡ÊÃæά¡ËThe defence department has ¡Èadjusted¡É to these reductions in two ways. First, by slimming down everywhere (reducing the number of army divisions from 18 to 10, see table) but not by altering the structure of the armed forces,
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The immediate problem facing Mr Bush¡Çs strategic review is how far to go in replacing the old weapons with new technologies developed in the past 20 years.¡ÊÃæά¡ËThe Joint Chiefs of Staff say that they need $90 billion each year over the next ten to buy all this new armoury. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the cost at a still jaw-dropping $50 billion a year.
¡Ö¥Ö¥Ã¥·¥å»á¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤ÆÌäÂê¤Ê¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÈñÍѤǤϤʤ¯¡¢À¯¸¢¤¬¿Ê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸ºÀÇÀ¯ºö¡£¼Ò²ñÊݾã¤äÏ·¿Í°åÎŲþ³×¤Ëͽ»»¤¬Èñ¤ä¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Ú¥ó¥¿¥´¥ó¤¬¤½¤ÎÍ×µáËþ³Û¤ò³ÍÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ïº¤Æñ¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£¡×
This is a delusion. The problem facing them?and President Bush?is not the cost of the new weapons so much as the Bush administration¡Çs decision to push ahead with a $1.6 trillion tax cut.¡ÊÃæά¡ËIt seems unlikely that the Pentagon would get as much as it wants, considering that reform of Social Security and Medicare would make huge demands on the remaining pie.
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Nor can the forces easily do what the president occasionally suggested on the campaign trail: skip a whole generation of weapons and proceed directly to a ¡Èthird generation¡É of weapons.
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Mr Marshall¡Çs willingness to rethink America¡Çs defence commitments when there is not enough money to buy everything everybody wants raises other questions. Does America need 40,000 troops in Japan or 70,000 in Germany, which is now surrounded by NATO allies? Does it need 7,000 nuclear weapons on full alert, and three weapons laboratories?
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(1)format
Lou is just talking about making his format easy to read,but he didn't really give any details.I think it's easier to talk about what not to do to have a good format than what you should do.Maybe the main should is use only the characters on your keyboard,don't use special characters.If you need much more than the shift control for capital letters,you can't be sure that the person receiving your e-mail is going to be able to read what you typed.Their computer might interpret the signal completely wrong.And I had some terrible messages like that,really hard to read.
(2)concise
Being concise is very important in English.The current style especially in business is to keep everything as short and to the point as you can.
(3)ramble on and on
Ramble is a kind of walking with no specific goal,just walking and enjoying probably for a long time.The word's also used for speaking or communicating.Ramble on and on means you just keep going slowly but nowhere in particular.Means your point isn't clear.
(4)get back to someone
Getting back to someone means answering them or replying to them.But it doesn't work as a noun.You can't say the getback.
(5)If you need a reply,say so
I think this is a very important point saying when you need to have a reply.I find at work a lot of people don't want to include a clear deadline when they make a request.So I always have to ask them,is this a special request or routine request?If it's routine,a very clear deadline plus the reason the deadline is important and please,of course,with the request part is perfectly polite.There is absolutely no problem doing that.And one of the reasons that's really good is that you've explained to the reader why that date or time is important to you so they understand the situation more clearly and they can organize their own work.They probably have requests from many people.They can organize their own work and handle everybody's requests without having to do overtime or scramble because they didn't know when you needed it.
(6)highlight
I think this is also excellent advice because you don't want to force the reader to look back at all of your correspondence to find out what you're responding to.Some of them like me may throw away older e-mail as soon as possible.I tend to clean out my inbox and outbox regularly so that I don't get important messages mixed up with older messages.
