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(1)defy
If you defy something,you disobey it or go against it.
(2)stance
And your stance is your point of view or your position on some issue.
(3)a double bind
A double bind is a situation where you have two choices for action.and both choices lead to a result that you don't like.
(4)Catch-22
Catch-22 is a title of a book by Joseph Heller and the title is often used now to mean double bind.The whole story is about people being caught in a huge bureaucratic double bind.
(5)sort out in the courts
Sorting things out in the courts is a very common way for Americans to settled their arguments.It's a little different in Japan,I think,where settling things in courts is the last resort.In the U.S.,it's often maybe not first but a second choice.
(6)bedevil
If you bedevil someone,you cause distress or trouble.
(7)put one's foot down
If you put your foot down,you set rules,you describe boundaries,you stop people from doing whatever was they had been doing.
(8)chirp
There is various words to describe how birds sound when they make noise.One is chirp,another one is peep or twitter.
(9)jingles
Jingles are short tunes or maybe songs that are clever and catchy and stick in your head.They are often used for commercials.
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(1)precedent
A precedent is a legal example.it's often used to help decide later legal cases but be careful to say that s sound as an s sound,if you say it with z sound,it sounds just like presidents,like the leaders of companies or countries.
(2)pull over
Also here Mickey talks about being pulled over on the side of the road,Pulled over is very similar to pulled off the phrase we had in Monday's vignette.Both of them mean moving your car to the side of the road.Police usually pull you over.
(3)be caught in the act
Be caught in the act means someone saw you doing something you shouldn't have been doing.Another way you can say that is be caught red-handed.
(4)repeat offenders
There is another less common word to talk about repeat offenders or how often people who have done something wrong once go back and repeat or do other crimes later.It's called recidivism and often they talk about the recidivism rate.They look at criminals and and how they are handled in the system and try to find out better ways to handle them so that they don't go back to the life of crime.
(5)stiff
Something that's described as stiff doesn't mean they're physically unbending.It means they're harsh or strong.
(6)parties
Parties are often used to talk about different groups in a discussion or disagreement.
(7)peg
If you peg something,you set it or pin it down or establish it.
(8)the essential message is don't take the risk.
The essential message is,of course,the main point,and you can even use the phrase from the previous vignette it all comes down to,don't take the risk.
(9)claim
This is a good example of how to use the verb claim in English.Claim means you say it's true or that you want other people to believe what you said.
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(1)You could be so distracted your mind is not focused on the road.
This is kind of an interesting sentence because it drops out the word 'that' that would normally connect these two parts together.'So' is often used with 'that' to show a kind of cause-effect kind of a relationship,but also 'that' is often dropped when it's the subject.I wanted to mention this because recently in spoken English in North America, 'so' is often used as an intensifier instead of 'very',so people would say things like,oh,I'm so distracted. or even more unusual way to say it would be something like,oh,I'm so not interested.It's kind of cute and it tends to be younger people,especially girls like high school girls who use it a lot but I think it's fairly wide spread in people in their 20's now.
(2)It's high time
High time,if it's high time for something,it means either it's just a right time,it's the perfect time now,or it could mean the time is slightly overdue.Should have done it a little bit earlier.
(3)come down on
Also the phrase come down on is interesting,come down with on means criticize or oppose something,maybe even discipline someone.but if you use come down with other prepositions,you get different meanings.If something comes down to you or comes down through other generations,you receive it from your ancestors.You could use come down to to talk about reducing something or a summary.This whole discussion comes down to one point,for example.Another preposition you can use with this phrase is with.Come down with something and that means become sick.
(4)wheel
Often people only use the word wheel instead of the full-phrase, steering wheel.If you want to offer someone control of something,you can ask them to take the wheel.
(5)backlash
Backlash is kind of an interesting word,I think it's related to using whips.When you use a whip,you throw it out and that's called lashing that kind of movement,so something lashes back at you,it's a return action and in English backlash is usually used to describe a bad reaction,a negative reaction.
(6)Detroit
Detroit,of course,stands for the main car makers in the U.S.because they originally were all located in Detroit.
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(1)Sure was
Fairly often people drop I,when they are speaking especially in this kind of a short sentence where you are agreeing or disagreeing.
(2)gab
Gab is another way to say chat or in other words,just having light conversation that's enjoyable.There is also a phrase to describe people who are very good at talking and telling stories.It's called gift of the gab.
(3)steering wheel
Be careful when you are speaking to English speakers to say, steering wheel or they won't know what you are talking about.I think a hand le for English speakers tends to be more of a long,narrow thing,not a round thing.
(4)be total
Something that's totaled is completely wrecked or totally wrecked.Total is often used to to describe cars that can't be repaired.
(5)a semi
Also the word ¥»¥ß or ¥»¥Þ¥¤ when it's used this way,it means a ¥»¥ß trailer or ¥»¥Þ¥¤ trailer,one of those great big huge trucks where the cab is separated from a parted pole.I don't think English speake rs ever say a full-word though,I didn't know the complete full word until I checked in the dictionary,although I did know the semi was that kind of a truck.
(6)mobile
Mobile is kind of a difficult word in English,it has three different pronunciations.As an adjective you can use all three.People tend to mix them up.You could say,¥â¡¼¥Ö¥ë,¥â¡¼¥Ð¥¤¥ë or ¥â¡¼¥Ó¡¼¥ë.However if you are talking about a kind of moving sculpture,it's ofte n made with a steel or wood or paper and string that hangs from the ceiling and moves a little bit in the breeze,That's always called a ¥â¡¼¥Ó¡¼¥ë.Also when it's attached to another word such as auto,automobile.That's also ¥Ó¡¼¥ë.snowmobile,bloodmobile,bookmobile,even badmobile.
(7)lump
If you lump something together,it means you take many different things and indiscriminately put them together in the group.
(8)911
In the U.S.,there is only one emergency number.If you need a police or firefighters or if you need emergency medical services,you still call just one number 911.I'm not sure,Is it something about when there were rotary phones,ones dial faster?
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(1)turn up one's noses
If you turn up your nose at something,you treat it with contempt or you dismiss it.It's usually something you dislike or you find silly or ridiculous.
(2)scornful attitude
A scornful attitude is shown by turning up your nose.
(3)caliber
Caliber has two main meanings.One is diameter.The word caliber is often used to talk about the diameter of bullets or the barrel of guns,but caliber also means the degree of excellence or importance.
(4)managed care
Managed care is a kind of health care that's become quite wide spread in the U.S. in the last few years,because the government's trying to encourage everyone to keep the medical cost down lower than it had been recently.A style called managed care has spread pretty far.What they do is to try to manage health care like companies manage their assets or their business instead of paying a lot of money for full 100% often not really necessary kinds of health care.They try to cut costs but still give quality treatment.Some people like them,some people don't.They're often called HMOs in the U.S.,Health Management Organizations.
(5)quality time
Quality time is another phrase you hear in the U.S. a lot these days.I think it refers to not just spending time together,but focused time,paying attention to each other and really trying to make it a good experience,a quality experience.
(6)pop zillions of pills
Pop zillions of pills is kind an interesting phrase,I think the verb pop is used with pills because of the alliteration the two P's.Zillions is a word that just means huge number.It rhymes of million or billion,but it's more than that.
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(1)current complaints
Current complaints would be little problems that they could also be big problems,but they are medical problems you have right now.I think she is trying to make a contrast between using alternative therapies for longer term kinds of health care and western style medicine for current complaints.
(2)Only 60 percent of them tell their regular doctors they're undergoing alternative treatment.Some people fear being ridiculed if they mention alternative treatment to their doctors.There is still a lot of skepticism in the U.S. about all kinds of alternative treatments.They are becoming much more popular,and I think,understood and accepted,but they are still alternative and much more minor than regular for Americans.
(3)demonstrated scientifically
I think people would talk about demonstrating things scientifically.One of the major points is the results repeatable that either means with different subjects or by different researchers.
(4)separate the wheat from the chaff
This phrase,separate the wheat from the chaff is often used to talk about separating good things from bad things.The wheat is valuable part,the chaff is the part that doesn't have much of use.
(5)My health insurance doesn't cover acupuncture.
In the U.S.,a lot of health insurance is sold through companies,private companies,since the U.S. doesn't have one complete national health care system for everybody,so depending on the company you buy your insurance from and what kind of a policy you have,different things are covered,I think most of them probably don't cover acupuncture.It's just not accepted enough yet in the U.S.
(6)here-today-gone-tomorrow kind of thing
Here-today-gone-tomorrow kind of thing is something that's fleeting or impermanent.You could call it a fad or a boom.There are a couple of other phrases also,you could say,a flash in the pan or even something like easy-come-easy-go.
(7)climb onto the bandwagon
If you climb onto the bandwagon,you are joining the rest of the crowd,you're joining in the enthusiasm.
