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(1)backlash
Backlash is a strong negative reaction.
(2)strike me
If something strikes you,it makes an impression on you.
(3)press
If you press someone,you push them or pressure them,you try to force them to do something.
(4)go into the red
And go into the red means lose money.I think it's very similar to Japanese.
(5)on welfare
In the U.S.,if you're disabled and unable to work,the Government has programs to support you.
(6)people out there
This is a phrase similar to saying them and they.It's an undefined group of people.
(7)protective disability
A protective disability is one that's protective by the law,meaning you can't,if you suffer from one of those disabilities,you can't be discriminated against by employers or other people.
(8)soar
If you soar,soaring is a kind of flying where you go very high and far away.So a soaring trend is similar to a very very rapid increase.
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(1)take into account
If you take something into account,you consider it,or you take action to deal with it.
(2)be not attuned to
If you're not attuned to something,you're not sensitive to it,or you're not in the condition to realize it.
(3)freeze
If you freeze when confronted by a difficult situation or something you're very unfamiliar with,it means you stop functioning normally,you don't know what to say or what to do.
(4)feel sorry for them
I think the fact that many people feel sorry for disabled people makes a lot of disabled people angry because they're more than just a disability,they don't need people's pity,they just need a little bit of consideration.
(5)shoot a memo to
If you shoot a memo to someone,you send it quickly,immediately.
(6)spur
If you spur something,you start it up,you spark it.People who ride horses have the spurs sometimes attached to the backs of their boots,which gets the horse started more quickly.It's a piece of metal that pokes into the horse when you want it to go.
(7)cater to
If you cater to someone or something,it doesn't mean bringing food for their party.It means taking special care to do what they want,listening carefully to what they want.(8)and so on
And so on means the same thing as et cetera.
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(1)have a winter home in Florida
Having a winter home in Florida is a dream of many people in the U.S.,especially if they live on the East Coast.West Coast people tend to go to California when they want a warm sunny place.People on the East Coast often go to Florida.
(2)be equipped
Seymour uses equipped.She uses the verb form here instead of the noun form.I think this happens quite a bit in English when you have the choice.I think English speakers tend to start with the verb form rather than the noun form.
(3)come up with
Come up with,of course,means find or maybe discover.
(4)input
Input is,of course,the content,the thing's comments,information that other people have added to the Web site,have put into the Web site.Sometimes people will ask you for your input during planning stages of a project.
(5)the Handicapped
This is an example of an older organization that continues using the word handicapped because if they change their name,people won't know if they're the same group.Also,I think people who belong to a group should be free to choose their own names.
(6)lobbying organization
Because this organization is a lobbying organization,they probably direct most of their activities to getting good laws that support and help disabled travelers.
(7)bathroom
In U.S. English,bathroom often refers not just to the room where you take a shower or take a bath but also to the toilet.They tend to be all in the same room anyway in the U.S.
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(1)Barry's grandmother
When Lee first starts talking about her husband's grandmother,she calls the grandmother,his grandmother.But since I've got married,they're part of the same family.Sometimes people would just call her Grandmother or whatever the rest of the family calls them.Husbands and wives do this sometimes with their partner's parents as well.It probably depends on the style of the family and how close the relationship is between the spouse's parents and the spouse.
(2)wheel around
If you wheel someone around,you push them around in a wheelchair usually.Another meaning for wheel around can mean turn around rapidly.
(3)hassle
A hassle is kind of a small and irritating problem,something that doesn't go smoothly.I think in the '70s people used to use it quite a bit kind of in a slangy way like don't hassle me,don't give me any trouble.
(4)boarding
Boarding in English can be used to talk about getting on to planes,trains and boats,usually large vehicles like that.
(5)muss and fuss
Muss and fuss is very similar in meaning to hassle,although they're never really used similarly.Hassle almost always describes trouble,when you have trouble.Muss and fuss is often used when there wasn't any trouble.
(6)roll over
If you roll grandmother over somewhere,it's the same meaning as wheel her over there,means move her,help her get over there in her wheelchair.
(7)roll-in-shower
A roll-in-shower is specially designed for a special chair for people who need to sit down in the shower so that they can roll into the shower,similar to rolling around on their regular wheelchairs and take a shower and get clean.
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(1)mom-and-pop shop
Mom-and-pop usually refers to small families that are running shops.
(2)vet
The word vet is short for veterinarian.It's kind of a long and complex word to say, so in the U.S. most people say vet or occasionally animal doctor.Vet is short for another word too, veteran, which is either someone who's served in the military or just someone with long service in some area.
(3)independent clinic
Lou talks about independent clinics.In the past I think most vets had their own small clinic.They were a lot like mom-and-pop shops.Maybe they were with their assistant,maybe a neighborhood kid helped out even or members of the vet's family.I think a lot of those clinics probably didn't handle very advanced medicine.They probably handled much more routine problems and medical care,things like vaccinations and maybe a broken leg or some skin trouble,that kind of stuff.
(4)go for
Mann talks about most of the money people spend on their pets going for pet food.Goes for or going for in this case means is used to buy or is spent on.
(5)heavy money
Heavy money means a lot of money,a serious amount of money.
(6)costs of veterinary practice
These costs seem quite high.It seems like a lot of money that people are spending on treatments and veterinary practice.But the point is different.A lot of money, more money is being spent on something else and Lee will talk about that next.
(7)whatever the reason
Mann starts speaking with the phrase whatever the reason.I think she wants to focus on main points.She's not so worried about the whys.She's focusing on the result.
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(1)bacteria
Sometimes in English,especially in general English,people call bacteria germs.But I think germs can also include viruses sometimes,various kinds of micro organisms.And, of course,bacteria and viruses are different things.The drugs that work on bacteria don't work on viruses.
(2)lab
That includes the U.K. also.
(3)to bring that into balance
Lou used a nice phrase to introduce the other point of view.I think most people,even if they had very strong feelings about this topic,wouldn't be too upset by the way he introduced his opposite point,he said,to bring that into balance.
(4)as far down as you go
As far down as you go refers, of course,to the food chain.
(5)guardian
Guardian is often used also for children without parents.It might be an aunt or an uncle or perhaps grandparents,who are assigned or officially recognized as a guardian for those minor children.
(6)cover it best
Covers it best means describes it best,the relationship between the human and the animals that human is feeding and housing.
(7)first off
First off is a very informal way to say first or in the first place.I don't think I've ever heard it with other positions like second off,third off.I don't think anybody ever says that.
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(1)raise the question
When someone's actions or speech makes other people have questions,gives other people questions,in English usually you say it's raising questions.
(2)social structure
A social structure is how the group of chimpanzee's roles and behavior and relationships are defined within the group.
(3)be housed
If you're housed somewhere,you've been put there to live.Sometimes you can use be housed somewhere to refer to storage.
(4)against cruelty to animals
I think the U.S. group was actually modeled after a group in the U.K., the RSPCA,the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
(5)demonstrate
If you demonstrate something,you show it or you prove that it's true.
(6)felony/misdemeanor
I think in the U.S. one of the main differences between felonies and misdemeanors is of course felonies are grave,bad crimes and misdemeanors are maybe not quite so serious.But another difference is that if you're convicted of a felony,you will go to prison,whereas misdemeanors usually won't send you to prison if you're found guilty.You have to pay fines or maybe do community service.
(7)draw the line between
Drawing the line between two things is talking about scene where the difference is.Many things,blend into each other,so drawing the line is making a kind of decision,how far is OK,and if you go farther,it's not OK.
(8)mistreatment
Mistreatment is treating someone or something badly.It's probably not quite as bad,though,as abuse.
(9)laboratory
Although I often,when I'm spelling laboratory,pronounce it the British way because it's easier.
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(1)background
Background can be used in English to mean information about someone's past.But it can also be used for pictures and photographs,the part behind the main subject.
(2)shelter
Recently people have started calling the places that take care of lost or strayed pets shelters.In the past they used to be called a pound.A shelter sounds like a much nicer place for a lost animal.There were even cartoons on television when I was little showing the dog- catcher trying to catch dogs loose in the city to put them in the pound,sort of typical chase cartoons on television.
(3)tag
These pet tags or dog tags are usually small,round metal,I think,maybe aluminum tags that you attach directly to their collars.Some of them are even very nicely designed and you can have the pet's name put on and also your name and address or phone number.Sometimes people just use their dog license.It also comes on a small metal tag.Also dog tags are the identification tags that soldiers wear in the military.Those are also known as dog tags.
(4)stray
A stray is a cat or dog that's wandered away from where it should be.
(5)restore
When a dog is restored to the owners,it's returned to the owners.
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(1) make the world a little bit better
I think maybe one reason Americans are big contributors to charity or doing volunteer work is they feel like even though my effort is small and located in the small area,it adds to the whole world becoming better.
(2)get into
The phrase get into something is used pretty often to talk about start doing something or become interested in something and it also includes the idea of a deepening of your involvement and interest.
(3)Christmas spirit
The Christmas spirit in the U.S. usually refers to feeling generous and giving and helpful and generally being trying to be kinder or nicer to fellow human beings.
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(1)philanthropy
Philanthropy is a word that comes from Greek,and originally it means something like loving mankind.In English it's usually used to refer to efforts or groups that try to help people.
(2)reap
Reap is a verb that means harvest or gather or obtain.It sounds a little bit old-fashioned in that meaning.It's often used now to mean get what you deserve in a good way.
(3)social problem
Leonard mentions social problems.Those are any kind of problem that affects larger areas of a society.Or if it only affects a small area,it has repercussions throughout the society.
(4)dip into one's pocket
Ben mentions dipping into pockets.That phrase always means to take out money.You put your hand in your pocket to take out money to pay for something or help somebody.
(5)when you come right down to it
When you come right down to it is a good phrase to use if you want to summarize what you've been discussing or if you're trying to come to a conclusion.It sounds a lot like getting rid of all the extra distracting things and really looking at the core of a matter.
(6)Five hours and five percent is not a lot to ask.
Araki also mentions that five hours and five percent is not a lot to ask.This is probably a shortened form of asking a favor.Five percent or five hours is not a large favor to ask of somebody.
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(1)follow up
Follow up is something you do to strengthen the effect of something you've already done.So in this case,they called the people that they'd sent letters to often as a second reminder like that makes people take action.It sounds like in Japanese you can say just follow and mean the same thing.You have to add up in English,or you lose the meaning of strengthening a previous action.
(2)have a hand in
If you have a hand in something,you are partially responsible for it.
(3)liaise
Liaise is a verb related to the noun liaison.A liaison is a person who serves as an intermediary or a connection between two parties.So if you liaise with someone,you act as the connection.
(4)a good number of
I think it's interesting in English,you can say a good number of to mean many or quite a few.So I guess in English,more is better.
(5)torch bearer
Torch bearers are leaders.
(6)community spirit
Community spirit usually refers to the way people feel about their community that leads them into doing good things for it.It's not just a feeling like you like your neighbors.It's probably includes some pride in your community and a desire to make it better.
(7)percent
Usually with percent you need to use the word by or to.The meaning's quite different.This one much mean by nearly 10 percent,it's clear from the context.But if you're not sure the person listening to you or reading your report will understand whether it's by or to some percent,be sure to include it.
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(1)grab
I think Ben is bragging a little bit about the wristwatch that he's got.This kind of phrase is often used that way.
(2)nice enough
She's kind of lukewarm about his watch.They're,you know,they're very friendly.So sometimes they can say things to each other as that people who don't know each other so well wouldn't say.So Ben can brag a little about his wristwatch,and Camille can be lukewarm about her place.If she really liked it,she would've used very strong kind of intonation and said,Nice!
(3)make one's next rainy day
This is kind of an interesting phrase.I think Mickey has blended two very common phrases in English.Make my day means have something very happy and good happen,and also she uses rainy day, which usually refers to a bad day or a sad day.She mixes them altogether with the umbrella.It's kind of funny that way.
(4)community service
Community service can cover many kinds of services.It usually means volunteer.It could be helping out at the library.It could be working with poor people or disadvantage people.It could be helping children in after-school sports.
(5)tithe
I've heard of it.I think it comes mostly from Christianity from churches.I think people had a very heavy or very serious responsibility to pay ten percent of whatever their income was.I'm sure some people still do that,but I think it's less of a requirement to remain part of the church community than it used to be.This kind of charity and giving to charity has a really long history in the West.I think it's grown up all along with Christianity and maybe can even earlier,although I can't say for sure.
(6)as it turned out
As it turned out is a nice phrase to use if you want to introduce the result of some longer process.
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(1)rip off
Rip off is slang for steal or cheat.Sometimes if people feel like they've been cheated,they say,what a rip-off.
(2)screen
If you're screened for something,you're checked out.
(3)bad guy
Bad guys is a phrase that's very easy to use to talk about any unspecific people who do bad things,so criminals or just people who aren't very nice.
(4)buyer beware
Buyer beware is used in English.They're English words themselves,but often the Latin words that this translates is used.In Latin it's caveat emptor,it's spelled c-a-v-e-a-t,caveat,and e-m-p-t-o-r,emptor.Sometimes caveat alone is used meaning warning.
(5)niche market
Niche has two pronunciations.A lot of people say nich like we did today.Another way to pronounce is nish.It comes originally from French and nish is the way it's pronounced there.
(6)interest
Sometimes sails people use this phrase,Can I interests you in buying too?
(7)per capita
Per capita means per person or per head.You could use any one of those phrases in this space.
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(1)self-service option
I think in the U.S. it's a little more common to find self-service places than it is in Japan.A lot of people are happy to serve themselves if they can get good products at lower prices.I think most places now you can find self-service gas stations in the U.S.The opposite of self service is full service.
(2)get a list of the books from the database
I think this is kind of an interesting point.Recently I was thinking about buying some books.And when I typed in a title to find out how much it would cost,I also received suggestions for other books.For example,other people who ordered the book I was asking about also ordered various books,and the database told me what they ordered at the same time.
(3)go around
Something that's going around is being circulated or exchanged.Another very common thing to go around are rumors.
(4)contend with
When you contend with something,you struggle with it or fight with it.
(5)know perfectly well
The phrase,somebody knows perfectly well,is usually used when the speaker believes the other person has the information but their actions or behavior are contrary to having that information.
(6)quoted price
Quoted is sometimes mixed up together with estimate.The quote refers to saying how much you estimated.Sometimes it probably doesn't matter whether you exchange one for the other like if you say,I have to get a quote on how much that will cost or I have to get an estimate of how much that will cost.
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(1)less is more
Less is more is a phrase here sometimes in the U.S. when things are becoming too complex or overly complex.There's a couple of other somewhat similar phrases like simple is best or K-I-S-S,Kiss,which means Keep it simple and specific.
(2)fingertip
At your fingertips is used fairly often in English to refer to or describing things that are convenient or very easily available.
(3)chilled container
I think they're called chilled containers instead of cooled containers because cooled just doesn't seem cold enough to keep your food in good shape.
(4)have a corner on the market
In English if you have a corner on the market,you're able to control it fairly well.
(5)punch out
When you're punching it out,you're fighting.It sounds like a boxing match.But in this case,of course,they're not actually boxing with each other.They're fighting for shares on the market.
(6)sure
Sure is sometime used as an answer meaning yes or I agree.In this case it's introducing a contrary point,unfortunately we'll have to wait for the next installment to find out what the contrary point is.
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(1)triple
Lee talks about tripling her purchasing in the last couple of years.I'm sure you know double and triple.There're a few more after that.Occasionally in English people might say quadruple,which means four times larger.After that,I think many people don't know what to call it.There are a few more--quintuple,sextuple,and it goes all up to ten.But they're rarely used.
(2)let's face it
Let's face it is another really useful phrase.If you've decided to really understand a problem so that you can find out what to do with it.
(3)supermarket
Supermarket in English is probably not quite the same thing as ¥¹¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¥Þ¡¼¥±¥Ã¥È in Japanese.In the U.S. it's usually centered on food and related items.And they often sell a few other things.You might be able to buy socks or a little bit of paper,but really they're focused on food.
(4)sea change
A sea change is a deep or very noticeable change in something.
(5)whole new face
A whole new face means it looks completely different,so consumer culture is changed completely.
(6)Nelson's Folly
Folly in Nelson's Folly is used fairly often for large expensive projects that fail,or projects that are designed expensively when it could've been done on a smaller scale or at a lower cost and therefore have been successful.
(7)trade press
Lee also talks about the trade press.She's referring to publishers and journals and magazines that focus on the specific industry.
(8)weekly grocery chore
I think this is a habit.I guess you call it.That's maybe a little surprising to Japanese people.It seems to me that most people,in my experience anyway,go shopping every day or nearly every day for fresh fruits and vegetables,things like that.In the U.S. people tend to go shopping once a week,and it's often on Saturday morning.So that's a great time to avoid the stores if you can.
(9)no wonder
In English using the phrase no wonder often shows that you expected whatever someone told you.
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(1)personal shopper
Personal shopper is a person often employed by the departmentstore,they help busy shoppers find what they want or to suggest other items to go with what the shopper is buying as a main thing,so a busy business woman maybe would go buy a suit and the personal shopper would help her find her style and the size she likes,but also the personal shopper would suggest shoes and bags and scarves,all kinds of accessories to go with it.
(2)time you can spare
Mickey talks about sparing time,if you can spare something,it usually means it's not strictly needed,you could give it up for some other regular purpose,it particularly includes the idea of extra or not being used right now.So spare is also used as an adjective like a spare change,small coins that are not so necessary maybe give it to another person,or spare time,the meaning may be a little bit defferent,but it isn't extra time that you're carrying and not using.
(3)WOW
Americans use the phrase a lot anytime they're strongly moved or surprised.
(4)cornuciopia
Cornuciopia is a little difficult to pronounce and the r varies pronanciations especially for the part u in the center.
(5)pitch in
Pitch in often means help,but since Micky also says help,in this case I think she's using it more to mean work energetically or actively help,not just say you're going to help actually phisically do things.
(6)fund-raising
There are all kinds of events that people use for fund-raising.You can see them on TV sometimes and they call telethons might be 24-hour program with the singers and actors donating their time,sometimes they call telethons,because you call up in pledge money some group even fifty cents and may be a dollar for every mile that they walk and they raise money that way.
(7)matching gift programs
This kind of donation by a company is fairly common in US,it's for the charity,sometimes it's also giving to your university,all kinds of situation that people individually give money,the company might match your gift.
(8)that way
of course,refers to getting registered on e-mail list.
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(1)all they ask
All they ask is a phrase that means the only thing they want.
(2)you youeself
Later on,Lee says you yourself.The yourself is intensifying highly,really focuses on the fact that you're donating clothes that you would wear to an interview.
(3)Professional Women's Meeting
This is probably important and key point being able to join a professional women's forum,because people who are already working have difficulty with adjusting things,and the person who is new in a workforce probably has even fewer ideas about how to handle the pressures of working and taking care of family at the same time.
(4)mail in
There are a few verbs you can use with in and basically they mean submit,but depending on the method you use is a different verb press in,so Lee said mail in,so submit your donation by mail.In school,often people say turn in or hand in homework.
(5)all you have to do
This is the second time Lee used the phrase with all.At the beginning she said all they ask and this time she said all you have to do.All sounds like everything but,usually this phrase is used to introduce something that's not so difficult or doesn't have many elements,it's something that's relatively easy to do.
(6)lend a hand
If you lend a hand,you help somebody.
(7)I'll be as happy as a clam.
If you're as happy as a clam,it means you're very very happy.I think the full phrase is as happy as a clam at high tide,so it's deep under the water,nobody can't correct it for lunch.
(8)the package
The package is all of the things necessary to make a woman look professional,it's not only a suit.
