■冠詞■

【人名に付くa】
Clete Boyer, a U.S. player who competed against Mr. Oh with the Taiyo Whales, once summed up the man's charisma: "I loved to play against him because there was electricity. He had electricity like a Mantle or a Mays." Or, one could add, a Jordan.
[The Japan Times: Oct. 7, 2001 ]

…立て続けに"a"が用いられている点がなかなかですね。これは文法的には「偉大な」あるいは「悪名高い」人物の前に付けるものとありますが、もう少し基準を緩めてもいいかもしれません。個人的には単に有名人レベルまで下げても構わない気はしますが。。。

【国名に付くa】
But how can the world's second-largest economy justify the existence of public financial institutions that compete with private firms in this age of financial globalization? Japan is neither an Afghanistan nor a China.
[the Mainichi:Oct. 7, 2001 ]

…いわゆる「〜のような」を意味する"a"の用法ですが辞書ではあまり用例を見かけませんね。

■名詞■

【反復語(that)】
Pupils should be able to understand everything (or almost everything) that a foreigner says or writes; but when they speak or write themselves, it is not necessary that they have as wide a lexis as that of a foreigner.
[National report Switzerland]

…thatが直近にあるas...asの名詞を受けている例です。これだけ近いと表現的なインパクトも強くカッコイイですね。


【曜日】
Two Sundays ago, an explosion ripped through the car park of French retail chain Carrefour in the eastern Chinese city of Qingdao.
[Korea Herald: Jan. 4, 2002]

・・・口語色が強い表現といえますかね。

■関係詞

【先行詞-1】
"I am deeply disappointed, to tell you the truth," Nakagawa told reporters. "What happened to the Junichiro Koizumi who will carry out what he has promised?"
[The Japan Times: Aug. 14, 2001]

…先行詞に人名が使われていますが制限用法です。the+固有名詞で、その名詞本来が持つ性質を表したために抽象名詞化したといえますかね。


【先行詞-2】
We who live here know that it's terrible. We simply assume that going for medical treatment means sitting for 1 1/2 hours past your appointment time in a dingy room waiting to be summoned for a cursory test with a doctor who will scribble a note entitling you to go and join another queue to wait for months to see someone more important.
[The Japan Times: Dec. 4, 2001]

…先行詞に代名詞weが使われている制限用法です。He whoは聖書などで見かけますが、weは比較的珍しい表現ですね。

■助動詞

【原形表現-1】
"But the various ministries and agencies of the central government have also expressed their views regarding reform, and are insisting that most of public corporations not be scrapped.
[Mainichi Interactive: Aug. 15 2001]

…shouldが消えたnot beの表現は、結構見つかりそうで見つからないのでとりあえず入れました。

【原形表現-2】
One such recommendation was that the U.S.-Russia START process be revitalized toward the total elimination of nuclear weapons, calling on both countries to each reduce their strategic nuclear warheads to 1,000
[2000 Diplomatic Bluebook]

…主語で用いられたrecommendationから影響を受け、補語であるthat節内に原形不定詞が現れる表現。

【原形表現-3】
Japanese newspapers, unlike their U.S. and European counterparts, have not had a proud history of standing up to the powers that be .
[Mainichi Interactive: Sep. 4 2001]

…関係詞節内に現れる原形表現。単独でこれだけ短く現れるのも文体的には格好がいいですね。


■動名詞

【否定】
What will cause America's new authority to vanish as quickly as it appeared is if, in reprisal, it make victims of other innocents. The moral authority of the sufferer depends on his not causing suffering in return. Collateral damage caused by American military power anywhere in the world within range of a television camera will be enough to break the spell. The American coalition against terrorism will collapse. America's allies and our adversaries will retreat to their customary distances from Washington's leadership.
[The Japan Times: Oct. 2, 2001 ]

・・・動名詞の否定に動作主を加えた例です。まあ入試ではよく見かけましたが、結構出会わない表現ですよね

■接続詞

【because】
"Just because you have an Islamic connection does not mean that you have any relationship to the Cole bombing," he said.
[The New York Times: Aug. 21 2001]

・・・個人的にはさほど違和感はないのですが、一般にbecauseで導かれる節を主語に用いるのは「非標準」とされています。口語では比較的よく耳にする表現です。

■相関語句

【the one,the other】
"Furthermore, at the heart of Japan's foreign and security policies is the question of how well it can maintain a balance between its alliance relationship with the U.S. on the one hand and its friendly relations with China on the other.
[The Japan Times: June 30, 2001 ]

・・・相関語句がbetween A and Bの間で用いられる表現です。

■語彙・表現

【approach】
Dr. Don Wolf, who cloned two rhesus monkeys at the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center two years ago, said the Duke research shows a "very interesting approach to explaining why there are differences in species."
[CNN.com: Aug. 15 2001]

…approach to -ingを個人的には良く見かけますが、あまり辞書でお目にかかれないのは残念です。


【inner】
And there's no way to do that while on the cell phone because you have to use your 'inner ears' and 'inner speech' and even your 'inner eyes' to imagine what the person on the phone is talking about."

[CNN.com: Aug. 16 2001]

…innerが意味する内容が少し変わっているので挙げました。

■Writing Techniques

【ナンバリング-1】
"In effect," says Meyer, "you've got writer's block briefly as you go from one task to another. You've got to (a) want to switch tasks, you've got to (b) make the switch and then you've got to (c) get warmed back up on what you're doing.

[CNN.com: Aug. 16 2001]

…英文中にナンバリングするパターンは色々あります。それほど複雑なものはないのですが、苦手とする人は多いようです。


【ナンバリング-2】
Focusing on poverty alleviation, social development, human resources development and support to "software," the Medium-Term Policy identifies the following priority issues: (1) support for poverty alleviation and social development (basic education, health and medical care, women in development, etc.); (2) support for economic and social infrastructure considering benefits for the poor, coordination and division of roles with the private sector; (3) human resources development, intellectual support and support for democratization...; and (7)...

[2000 Diplomatic Bluebook]

…比較的良く見られるコロン・セミコロンを含んだナンバリングパターンです。列挙する前にfollowingが必要となります。この場合、セミコロンはコンマでも構いません。


【同格・挿入】
That suggests that a very simple conversation on the phone while driving a car -- maybe 'Honey, please pick up some bread on the way home' -- might not draw too much concentration. But if the conversation becomes difficult or emotionally charged or mentally taxing -- like 'Honey, the house is burning down, what should I do?' -- it draws more attention and more mental resources away from your primary task, which is driving the car: You're more likely to have an accident."

[CNN.com: Aug. 16 2001]

…文法的には「同格」や「挿入」として扱われるものでしょうか。この手の簡単な「同格」や「挿入」は文法書的な枠組みを超え、もっと自由に書きたいものです。


【倒置】
During the plenary Diet debates held in both chambers last week, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi looked like a different man. Gone was the free-wheeling and refreshing manner in which he had expressed his beliefs and hopes in the last parliamentary session five months ago, immediately after taking office. This time around, responding to questions about his policy speech, he spoke with uncharacteristic restraint, reading from a prepared statement most of the time.

[The Japan Times: Oct. 8, 2001 ]

…いわゆる過去分詞の倒置です。この場合be goneの主語が長いために文体に変化をもたらしただけで、強調の意味合いは二の次ですかね。