FOWL TYPHOID

Causative Agent: Salmonella gallinarum

Transmission:
1. Fecal Contamination.
2. Via eggs, ovaries.
3. Direct contact with infected birds.
4. Carrier and reactor birds and animals (rodents).
5. Aerosol transmission.

Incubation Period: 1 week.

Morbidity: 60% to 80%.

Mortality: Moderate to high 30% to 60%.

Age Group affected: 1 to 16 weeks old.

Signs:
1. Sudden drop in feed consumption.
2. Birds become droopy and feathers ruffled.
3. Pale head and shrunken comb.
4. Hudding.
5. Pasted vents.

Gross Lesions:
Liver - Presence of swelling and reddish to greenish brown or bronze color upon contact with air.
Spleen and kidneys - presence of swelling and redness.
Lungs - Congested and edematous.
Ovary - Mishapen and ruptured.

Diagnosis:
1. History
2. Clinical signs.
3. Isolation and identification of causative agent.
4. Gross lesions.
5. Serology.

Differential Diagnosis:
1. Paralyphoid infection.
2. Salmonellosis.

Prevention:
1. Strict sanitation.
2. Purchase chicks and poults from soueces free of pullorum disease and typhoid.

Control: Elimination of carries through Agglutination Test and Serum Plate Method.

Recommended Medication:
1. Streptomycin.
2. Chloromycetin.
3. Chlortetracycline.
4. Nitrofurans.








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