| NEWCASTLE DISEASE (ND) |
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Causative Agent: Paramyxoviridae (PMV-1) |
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Transmission: 1. Direct Control 2. Aerosol between infected and susceptible birds. 3. Infected excretions or organs of diseased birds. 4. Contaminated water, feed bags and feed containers. |
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Incubation Period: 4 to 14 days an average of 5 days. |
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Morbidity: 10%. |
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Mortality: 90% to 100%. |
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Age Group affected: All ages but young birds are susceptible. |
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Signs: Chicks - gasping, coughing, ratting of the wind pipe, paralysis, walking backward, and circling. Adults - cughing, neurologic signs such as occassional paralysis and torticollosis, drop in egg production, soft-shelled eggs, greenish white diarrhea. |
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Gross Lesions: 1. Proventriculus and trachea - petecchial hemorrhages. 2. Trachea and larynx - mucoid exudates and congestion. - presence of petecchial hemorrhage. 3. Duodenum and the rest of intestinal mucosa - hemorrhages. 4. Air sacs - thickening with opacity. 5. Cecal tinsils - with petecchial hemorrhages. |
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Diagnosis: 1. Virus isolation. 2. Serum neutralization test. 3. Hemagglutination inhibition Test (HI). 4. ELISA test. |
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Differential Diagnosis: 1. Fowl Cholera. 2. Chrnic Respiratory Disease. 3. Infectious Bronchitis. |
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Prevention: 1. Vaccination 2. Good management techniques including the prevention of contamination of feedstuffs. 3. Annual replacement of laying stocks. |
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Control: 1. Disease by burning or burying of infected birds and disinfect the contaminated area. 2. Vaccinate the other healthy birds. |
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Recommended Supportive Medication: None |
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