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Dec / 03 / 1998
今、US History and Governmentというクラスで、下に書いてあるようなこと（先生の手書きプリントを僕がタイプしたものだけど）をお勉強しています。それではみなさんも一緒にお勉強しましょう。 ずんちゃかずんちゃかずんちゃかずんちゃか、ぴ〜ん♪ A political system is an authoritative decision making process composed of inter-related elements in which change in one set of elements creates or causes change in subsequent elements. Therefore increased demands in the input elements of political parties and interest groups create a pressure for change in the conversion (ADMA or decision making agencies) in response to that pressure for change. Once a policy change on shift is made that will cause output shifts which are fed back to start the cycle again. A political system is a concept to make sure we understaqnd that policy and decision making is a continuous process that is based on inputs, conversion, outputs, and feedbacks. We categorize the parts of system as : inputs → conversion → outputs → feedback → inputs Input system aggregates interts (combined interests and intensifies pressures) in political parties and interest groups providing a means to link citizens with government decision makers. Political parties and interest groups articulate interests by selecting leaders (electoral processes) and by pressures for selected policy decisions. We call this interest representation and it's often the work of lobbyists who create pressures for their interest group by a number of skillful methods. One such method is the use of campaign funds donated by PAC's to political races of candidates the interest group feels are friendly to its policies. Linking institutions are political parties and interest groups (or pressure groups). Political parties nominate, elect, govern, and take responsibility for policy decisions by its party leaders in office. When out of office they provide oversight, alternqative policies, and new options for different leaders. Political parties are active in interest aggregation and interest articulation on the input of pressures. They coordinate and function in the conversion process where decisions are made, and they are active in policy output and execution... all to achieve favorable feedback. Pressure groups are also active in all phases of the political system. ・・・って、こんなの見ても分からないよなぁ〜、僕も分からないよ。 Dec / 13 / 1998 US History and Govermentのクラスのプロジェクトのプレゼンテーションの日がいよいよ迫ってきました。我がグループ（僕、佐々木さん、たかゆき、杉沢、なつみ）のプレゼンは火曜日で、Labor UnionのTeamstersというグループを紹介します。Teamstersとは、よーするにトラックの運ちゃんの組合。９０年代初期、Jimmy R Hoffaという人が、アメリカ最大のグループにまでしたのです。彼らの歴史は非常に興味深く、過去にはマフィアが絡んでいたり、リーダーのJimmy R Hoffaがある日突然、行方不明になってしまったり、と。 ところが、２，３週間前、Teamsters内で大きな次期リーダーを決める選挙がありました。その選挙で得に注目されてた二人が、Jimmy P Hoffa(Jimmy R Hoffaの息子さん）と、Tom Leedhamという男。結果、Hoffaが全体の５６％、Leedhamが４０％の投票を獲得し、Hoffaがリーダーとなりました。Hoffaは、Leedhamをはじめとする、対立していたメンバーと支持者をすべて首にした（邪魔者を除外したってこと）ため、Teamstersのメンバーが急激に減ってしまいました。これによって、彼らは政府に与えられるプレッシャーが弱くなってしまったため、自分たちの都合の良いようにFeedbackがかえってきません。 下の文章は、たかゆきが書いたのを僕がタイプしたものです(プレゼン用）。 - Demands were the part time job. The truck drivers could not get enough money and had problems of the inshurance. Because of the strike in 1997, teamsters and with support of the UPI, they sfolved the problems with the pressure which they had from the population. - Here is an example. Here is a ball representing the pressure of people and this is a glove which catches the pressure, representing the Authoritation Decision Making Agenciy. "When the ball goes fast and strongly, straight to the glove, it will be hard to catch. So if the population pressure is strong enough, they will recieve a good feed back and that was in the age of Jimmy R Hoffa. - However the reality is different. Jimmy Hoffa Jr recieved 56% of the membership and Tom Leedham recieved about 40%, and Hoffa was thinking of the way that the member who supported the opponent should be fired. And he fired the rest of the member except for his supporting members. So the 3 million members of population decreased tremendously to 1.4 million members. - People inseneal would think this will be a big change in the union of teamster population decrease means that the pressure is weak. - Here is an example again. 1.4 million people's pressure is not strong enough as much as before, so the ADMA can catch the ball easier and is able to control the teamster more. This means that the teamsters aren't able to get a good feedback. -As you can see, Jimmy Hoffa spread out the teamster union. He saved out all his life to the teamster, and there were lots of problems in these days. - On Dec/05/98, the new history of teamster has been created. There was a big change in the teamster and it influenced the whole American socity and part of Canada. - There was two main powerful leaders. They are Jimmy R Hoffa's son, Jimmy P. Hoffa, and Tom Leedham, who had power at the western side of America and the state of Chicago. - (Map) As you can see in this map, almost all the state has a local buildings of the teamster, and you can tell that there are lots of people in the teamsters. - (Chart) Here is a list of the main states which has lots of the local teamsters. This line shows the number of the locals, and New York has the them most. - This is the list of the vote they recieved from each states. As you can see, Jimmy Hoffa Jr son the election. - They were fighting themselves stronglyh and also of doing it in nasty ways. They each made a propaganda to influence a bad image of the opponent. So they had a huge fight. Dec / 25 / 1998 えー、まぁ、何時の間にか日本に帰ってきています。日本はいいねぇ・・・・ここ最近、パソコンも起動してなかったから、久しぶりで懐かしいこの感触？？とにかく、最後の2週間はきつすぎたよぉ・・・ Dec / 28 / 1998 眠いよ |