• Infections enter via teat canal and wounds, confusions in mammary areas.
• Low maintenance milking machine.
• In hand milking case, poor hygienic manner of milker.

• Peracute - Swelling, heat, pain and abnomal secretion in the mammary gland accompanied by fever and other signs of systemic disturbance such as marked depression, rapid weak pulse, sunken eyes, weakness and complete anorexia.
• Acute - Change in the gland are similar to those above, but fever, anorexia and depression are slight to moderate.
• Subacute - There are no systemic changes, and the changes in the gland and its secretion are less marked.
• Subclinical - The inflammatory reaction is detected only tests.

• Observe proper and hygine milking procedures.
• Control teat cracker, chapping and pseudo-cow pox by appropriate measures.
• Mastitis prevention must include a mastitis testing and control program, milking machine maintenance, and care taken during the milking procedure by the person doing the milking. Sub clinical mastitis must be identified and controlled. This is done by routine CMT (California Mastitis Test) done at least once a month. The CMT test is simple, economical, and detects mastitis while still in the sub clinical stage. It can tell the dairy farmer about the status of the mastitis problem and indicate what steps need to be taken in preventing further spread. The CMT test causes white blood cells produced due to the infection to form a jell-like substance. The amount of jell and consistency is in direct proportion to the number of white cells in the milk. The reaction is scored as negative (no infection), trace, one two, or three (definite mastitis present).
• DHI somatic cell count (SCC) taken once / month can reliably identify sub clinical cows. There is a strong relationship between SCC and milk yield. As which are sloughed off from the lining of the mammary gland during the natural loss of secretory cells. Most somatic cells are white blood cells, which move into the udder to fight off bacterial infections.�@Although many of our nation�fs herds exceed SCC of 700,000/ml. Well managed herds can attain SCC of less than 100,000/ml. This substantial decrease in SCC can increase milk yield by more than 3200 ibs./305 day lactation/cow.
• DHI program usually report SCC in linear scores (0~9). For each increase in linear score (for example, from 2 to 3) there is a doubling of the number somatic cells. The U.S.D.A. will soon be ranking sires based on their daughters'SCC (linear scores). There is a 25% heritability on linear scores.
• Control of mastitis centers around keeping the disease from spreading and treating present infections. Anything that causes injury to the udder, such as improper milking procedures, improper functioning of milking machines, dragging the udder through mud, and so on, or any contact the udder has with unsanitary conditions, will increase mastitis in the herd. Thus caution during the milking procedure, maintenance of the milking machine, and especially care on the part of the milker are important in mastitis control.

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