• Acute form is more common in adult cattle.
• Onset of rapid shallow breathing which is usually abdominal type.
• Frequent bronchial cough, slight nasal discharge, high temperature and increased heart rate,
• Animal is active and will attempt to eat but severe respiratory distress often prevents this.
• Progress of the disease is rapid. Fever persists until just before death.
• Sub-acute case is common in calves. An expiratory grunt is heard in severe case and expiration may be relatively prolonged.

• Anthelmintilcs may be administered together with broad spectrum antibiotics or sulphonamides plus antuhistamines,

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