Morning Greetings(1) SLEEP Version
| A |
Mangwanani. |
Good morning. |
| B |
Mangwanani. |
|
| A |
Ma/rara sei? |
You slept HOW?
==> Did you sleep well? |
| B |
Nda/rara kana Ma/rara/wo. |
I slept well, if you slept well. |
| A |
Nda/rara hangu. |
I slept well myself. |
| B |
Nda/tenda. |
Thank you. |
| A |
Mu/sa/tenda. |
You are welcome. |
Morning Greetings(2) WAKE UP Version
| A |
Mangwanani. |
Good morning. |
| B |
Mangwanani. |
|
| A |
Ma/muka here(=sei)? |
Did you wake up well? |
| B |
Nda/muka kana Ma/muka/wo. |
I woke up well, if you woke up well. |
| A |
Nda/muka zvangu(=hangu). |
I woke up well myself. |
| B |
Nda/tenda. |
Thank you. |
| A |
Mu/no/tendeiko(=Mu/sa/tenda). |
You are welcome. |
|
Afternoon Greetings
| A |
Masikati. |
Good afternoon. |
| B |
Masikati. |
|
| A |
Ma/swera sei? |
You spent a day HOW?
==> Did you spend a day well? |
| B |
Nda/swera kana Ma/swara/wo. |
I spent a day well, if you spent a day well. |
| A |
Nda/swera hangu. |
I spent a day well myself. |
| B |
Nda/tenda. |
Thank you. |
| A |
Mu/sa/tenda. |
You are welcome. |
|
Evening Greetings
| A |
Manheru. |
Good evening. |
| B |
Manheru. |
|
| A |
Ma/swera sei? |
You spent a day HOW?
==> Did you spend a day well? |
| B |
Nda/swera kana Ma/swara/wo. |
I spent a day well, if you spent a day well. |
| A |
Nda/swera hangu. |
I spent a day well myself. |
| B |
Nda/tenda. |
Thank you. |
| A |
Mu/sa/tenda. |
You are welcome. |
|
Greetings for meeting someone 1st time(1)
| A |
Kwaziwai. |
Greeti ==> Hello. |
| B |
Kwaziwai. |
|
| A |
Ma/ka/simba here? |
You are strong HOW?
==> How are you? |
| B |
Nda/ka/simba kana Ma/ka/simba/wo. |
I'm strong, if you're strong. |
| A |
Nda/ka/simba hangu. |
I'm strong myself. |
Greetings for meeting someone 1st time(2)
| A |
Mhoroi. |
Hello. |
| B |
Mhoroi. |
|
| A |
Ma/ka/dii? |
You are HOW?
==> How are you? |
| B |
Ndi/ri/po kana Ma/ka/di/wo. |
I'm well, if you're well. |
| A |
Ndi/ri/po hangu. |
I'm there.==> I'm existing.
==> I'm well. |
|
Self introduction [A sanganai naB = A meet B]
| B |
Ko, imi ndimi ani. |
Tell me, who you are. |
| A |
Ini ndini KOBA. |
I am KOBA. |
| A |
Ndi/no/gara ku/HARARE. |
I live in HARARE |
| A |
Ndi/no/sevenza ku/HARARE-Polytechnic-College. |
I work at HARARE-Polytechnic-College. |
| A |
Ndi/ri mudzidzisi we/CIVIL-ENGINEERING
uye MATH. |
I'm a teacher of CIVIL-ENGINEERING
and MATH. |
| A |
Ndafara kukuzivai. |
I'm happy to know you. |
| B |
Iniwo. |
Me, too. |
|
Common Expressions
| 1 |
Tichaonanazve. |
We'll see you each other again. = See you later! |
| 2 |
Ndava kuenda. |
I'm leaving. = Goodbye |
| 3 |
Chisarai. |
remain well. |
| 4 |
Ndi/he urombo. |
I'm sorry. |
| 5 |
Hazvina mhosva. |
It doesn't matter. = No problem. |
| 6 |
Manzwisisa here? |
Do you understand? |
| 7 |
Oyi-i. |
Here it is. |
|
Common Phrases
| 1 |
chaizvo (ex. Nda/tenda chaizvo) |
very much (ex. I thank you very much.) |
| 2 |
zvakare |
again |
| 3 |
nhasi |
today |
| 4 |
mangwana |
tomorrow |
| 5 |
mahneru |
evening |
| 6 |
nezuro |
yesterday |
| 7 |
kuswera nezuro |
the day before yesterday |
| 8 |
nezuro usiku |
yesterday night = last night |
| 9 |
nhasi masikati |
today afternoon = this afternoon |
| 10 |
pakati peusiku |
middle of the night = midnight |
|
Classroom Imparatives
| 1 |
Garai pasi. |
sit down |
21 |
|
|
| 2 |
Taurai |
speak |
22 |
|
|
| 3 |
Pedzai |
finish |
23 |
|
|
| 4 |
Bvunzai |
ask |
24 |
|
|
| 5 |
Tangai |
bigin |
25 |
|
|
| 6 |
Omberai |
clap hands |
26 |
|
|
| 7 |
Kurumidza |
hurry up |
27 |
|
|
| 8 |
Nonoka |
be slow/late |
28 |
|
|
| 9 |
Daidza |
call |
29 |
|
|
| 10 |
Shambadzira |
announce |
30 |
|
|
| 11 |
|
|
31 |
|
|
| 12 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
| 13 |
|
|
33 |
|
|
| 14 |
|
|
34 |
|
|
| 15 |
|
|
35 |
|
|
| 16 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
| 17 |
|
|
37 |
|
|
| 18 |
|
|
38 |
|
|
| 19 |
|
|
39 |
|
|
| 20 |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
Important Verbs
| 1 |
rara |
sleep |
31 |
tenga |
buy |
| 2 |
muka |
wake up |
32 |
tengesa |
sell |
| 3 |
geza |
wash / bath |
33 |
vhura |
open |
| 4 |
preka |
dress up / put on |
34 |
vhara |
close |
| 5 |
bika |
cook |
35 |
nyora |
write |
| 6 |
dya（ジャカ） |
eat |
36 |
verenga |
read / count |
| 7 |
nwa |
drink |
37 |
ridza |
play an instrument |
| 8 |
sevenza |
work |
38 |
sona |
|
| 9 |
pedza |
finish |
39 |
shanya |
visit |
| 10 |
enda |
go |
40 |
bvakacha |
visit |
| 11 |
zorora |
rest |
41 |
pindura |
answer |
| 12 |
farira |
enjoy |
42 |
fanira |
must / have to |
| 13 |
fara |
be happy |
43 |
bva |
come from |
| 14 |
gona |
be able |
44 |
ratidza |
show |
| 15 |
kwanisa |
be able |
45 |
takura |
carry |
| 16 |
pa |
give |
46 |
peta |
fold |
| 17 |
tora |
take |
47 |
kumbira |
ask for / borrow |
| 18 |
tamba |
dance / play |
48 |
cheka |
cut |
| 19 |
da |
love / want / like / need |
49 |
zora |
swear |
| 20 |
kwira |
climb / board |
50 |
dziisa / ku |
to warm |
| 21 |
chisa |
iron / press clothes |
51 |
fashaira |
boiling |
| 22 |
mira |
wait / stop |
52 |
pakura |
dish out |
| 23 |
buruka |
get off / down |
53 |
pakurira |
dish out for |
| 24 |
svika |
arraive |
54 |
pisa |
be hot |
| 25 |
seka |
laugh |
55 |
suka |
clean / wash |
| 26 |
teerera |
listen |
56 |
kanda |
throw |
| 27 |
sarudza |
choose |
57 |
fuma |
wake up early |
| 28 |
chaira |
drive |
58 |
rira / ku |
to sound |
| 29 |
ona |
see / watch |
59 |
ziva |
know |
| 30 |
sekerera |
smile |
60 |
buda |
go out |
|
Verb "to be"
下の２つに対して、英語ではどちらも I を使うが
I am SOMETHING.
I do SOMETHING.
ショナの場合、
Ini ndi-ni SOMETHING.もしくはIniを省略してNdini SOMETHING.
Nda-ita SOMETHING.
となる。
*Ita=do
|
Abs. pronouns |
I am --- |
I am not --- |
| I |
Ini |
Ini ndi-ni mudzidzisi. |
Ini ha-ndi-ni mudzizisi. |
| We |
Isu |
Isu ndi-su vana-na mudzidzisi.. |
Isu ha-ndi-su vana mudzidzisi. |
| You(Singluar) |
Iwe |
Iwe ndi-we mudzidzisi. |
Iwe ha-ndi-we mudzidzisi. |
| You(Plural) |
Imi |
Imi ndi-mi vana-na mudzidzisi. |
Imi ha-ndi-mi vana mudzidzisi. |
| He/She(Singular) |
Iye |
Iye ndi-ye mudzidzisi. |
Iye ha-ndi-ye mudzidzisi. |
| They(Plural) |
Ivo |
Ivo ndi-vo vana-na mudzidzisi. |
Ivo ha-ndi-vo vana-na mudzidzisi. |
| It(thing) |
Icho |
Icho ndi-cho mudzidzisi. |
Icho ha-ndi-cho mudzidzisi. |
| They(thing) |
Izvo |
Izvo ndi-zvo mudzidzisi. |
Izvo ha-ndi-zvo mudzidzisi. |
| He/She(with respect) |
Ivo |
Ivo ndi-vo Va mudzidzisi. |
Ivo ha-ndi-vo Va mudzidzisi. |
| You(with respect) |
Imi |
Imi ndi-mi Amai mudzidzisi. |
Imi ha-ndi-mi Amai mudzidzisi. |
*例文：mudzidzisi=teacher
|
Verb "to be called"
|
Abs. pronouns |
I am called --- |
I am not called --- |
| I |
Ini |
Ini ndi-nonzi Wilbert. |
Ini ha-ndi-nzi Wilbert. |
| We |
Isu |
Isu ti-nonzi vana A na B. |
Isu ha-ti-nzi vana A na B. |
| You(Singluar) |
Iwe |
Iwe u-nonzi Wilbert. |
Iwe ha-u-nzi Wilbert. |
| You(Plural) |
Imi |
Imi mu-nonzi vana A na B. |
Imi ha-mu-nzi A na B. |
| He/She(Singular) |
Iye |
Iye a-nonzi Wilbert. |
Iye ha-a-nzi Wilbert. |
| They(Plural) |
Ivo |
Ivo va-nonzi vana A na B. |
Ivo ha-va-nzi vana A na B. |
| It(thing) |
Icho |
Icho chi-nonzi Wilbert. |
Icho ha-chi-nzi Wilbert. |
| They(thing) |
Izvo |
Izvo zvi-nonzi Wilbert. |
Izvo ha-zvi-nzi Wilbert. |
| He/She(with respect) |
Ivo |
Ivo va-nonzi Va Wilbert. |
Ivo ha-va-nzi Va Wilbert. |
| You(with respect) |
Imi |
Imi mu-nonzi Amai Wilbert. |
Imi ha-mu-nzi Amai Wilbert. |
*例文：Wilbert=person's name
vana:plural indicator。vana A na B = A and B。
Va=Mr. / Amai=Mrs.
|
Personal Subject Concordes : Present and Past
習慣的なことを表す場合、
Ini ndi-no-ita SOMETHING mazuva ose. = I do SOMETHING every day.
となり、Ini(=I, Absolute pronouns)の後に
ndi(Basic Subject Concorde=BSC)とno(tense indicater)と動詞ita(=do)が続く。
P.S.Cの場合は、
Ini nda-no-ita SOMETHING muzuva ose. = I did SOMETHING every day.
となる。（下表参照）
|
Abs. pronouns |
BSC(am, is, are) |
P.S.C.(I did--) |
| I |
Ini |
ndi
Ini ndi-no-enda kuHarare. |
nda
Ini nda-ka-enda kuHarare |
| We |
Isu |
ti
Isu ti-no-enda kuHarare. |
ta
Isu ta-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| You(Singluar) |
Iwe |
u
Iwe u-no-enda kuHarare. |
wa
Iwe wa-no-enda kuHarare. |
| You(Plural) |
Imi |
mu
Imi mu-no-enda kuHarare. |
ma
Imi ma-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| He/She(Singular) |
Iye |
a
Iye a-no-enda kuHarare. |
a
Iye a-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| They(Plural) |
Ivo |
va
Ivo va-no-enda kuHarare. |
va
Ivo va-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| It(thing) |
Icho |
chi
Icho chi-no-enda kuHarare. |
cha
Icho cha-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| They(thing) |
Izvo |
zvi
Izvo zvi-no-enda kuHarare. |
zva
Izvo zva-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| He/She(with respect) |
Ivo |
va
Ivo va-no-enda kuHarare. |
va
Ivo va-ka-enda kuHarare. |
| You(with respect) |
Imi |
mu
Imi mu-no-enda kuHarare. |
ma
Imi ma-ka-enda kuHarare. |
*例文：Ini ndi-no-enda kuHarare. ; enda=go, ku=to/for/in/at
|
