/* Cosine Interpolation eliminating some points */
/* Data from Holton(2003)"Value-at-Risk" */
new; cls;
let data[10,2]=
1.1  2.14
1.4  2.60
2.5  1.15
2.7  1.19
3.2  1.88
3.6  1.55
4.1  2.65
4.3  3.80
4.5  4.46
4.9  6.35
;
x=data[.,1]; y=data[.,2];
points=9;                                             /* # of points between x[k] and x[k+1] */
eliminate={1,2};
call cosinterp1(y,x,points,eliminate);





proc cosinterp1(y,x,points,eliminate);
   local z,xall,yall,eindex,n,i,b,x1,xx,yy;
/* sort them out in terms of x */
   z=x~y;
   z=sortc(z,1);
   x=z[.,1];
   y=z[.,2];
/* elimination */
   if maxc(eliminate)>rows(x);
      errorlog "ERROR: Out of range.";
      retp(".");
   elseif eliminate==0 or eliminate==zeros(rows(eliminate),1);
      errorlog "No elimination:";
      xall=x;
      yall=y;
   else;
      xall=x;
      yall=y;
      eindex=zeros(rows(x),1);
      eindex[eliminate]=ones(rows(eliminate),1);
      x=delif(x,eindex);
      y=delif(y,eindex);
   endif;
   n=rows(x);
/* graph */
   xx=zeros((points+1)*(n-1)+1,1);
   yy=zeros((points+1)*(n-1)+1,1);
   i=1;
   do while i<=n-1;
      x1=seqa(x[i],(x[i+1]-x[i])/(points+1),points+1);
      xx[(i-1)*(points+1)+1:i*(points+1)]=x1;
      i=i+1;
   endo;
   xx[rows(xx)]=x[n];
   i=1;
   do while i<=rows(yy);
      yy[i]=cosineint(y,x,xx[i]);
      i=i+1;
   endo;
   library pgraph;
   graphset;
   pqgwin auto;
   begwind;
   window(1,1,0);
   scale(-0.05*(maxc(xall)-minc(xall))+minc(xall)|maxc(xall)+0.05*(maxc(xall)-minc(xall)),-0.25*(maxc(yy)-minc(yy))+minc(yy)|maxc(yy)+0.25*(maxc(yy)-minc(yy)));
   setwind(1);
      title("Cosine Interpolation");
      xy(xx,yy);
   setwind(1);
      _plctrl=-1;
      _pcolor=15;
      _psymsiz=1;
      xy(xall,yall);
   endwind;
   retp(xx~yy);
endp;

proc cosineint(y,x,x0);
   local z,n,k,a,y0;
/* sort them out in terms of x */
   z=x~y;
   z=sortc(z,1);
   x=z[.,1];
   y=z[.,2];
   n=rows(x);
/* calculation of iterated linear interpolation */
   if x0<x[1] or x0>x[n];
      errorlog "ERROR: Out of range.";
      retp(".");
   endif;
   if x0==x[1];
      retp(y[1]);
   elseif x0==x[n];
      retp(y[n]);
   endif;
   k=sumc(x0.>x);
   a=(x0-x[k])/(x[k+1]-x[k]);
   y0=(1-(1-cos(a*pi))/2)*y[k]+(1-cos(a*pi))/2*y[k+1];
   retp(y0);
endp;